Cranial Nerves Individually Flashcards
Olfactory
cell bodies originate from the olfactory organ in the roof of the nasal cavity
special sensory (special visceral afferent)
enters cranium through the cribriform plate
Oculomotor
Parasympathetic that also carries somatic to eye
cell body originates
visceral motor
1) Presynaptic = midbrian
2) Postsynaptic = ciliary ganglion
Somatic motor
1) midbrain
enters cranium through the superior orbital fissure
Parasympathetic component associated ganglion: ciliary ganglion for lens accommodation, sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscles that constrict the pupil
Somatic component: motor to superior, inferior, and medial recti, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae muscles that raise superior eyelids and direct faze superiorly inferiorly, and medially
Optic
cell body arises from retina cells (retina ganglia cells)
special sensory (somatic)
enters cranium through the optic canal
vision from retina
Trochlear
somatic motor for eye
cell body arises from midbrain
motor to superior oblique, assists in directing gaze “inferolaterally”
Trigeminal
Opthalmic division
somatic sensory
Consists of
a) Frontal nerve (main tract)
b) supra-orbital nerve (cutaneous nerve)
c) Nasalciliary
d) Lacrimal
Dermatome distribution map of Opathalmic division is the top part of the head, running along the dorsal surface of the nose
foramina is the superior orbital fissure
Trigeminal
Maxillary division
Somatic sensory only
Includes
Zygomatic nerve
Infra-orbital nerve (lower eyelid, upper lip)
Superior alveolar nerve (teeth)
jugular rotundum
Trigeminal
Mandibular division
Sensory and motor
Includes Inferior alveolar nerves (teeth) Auriculotemporal nerve meningeal nerve (sensory to the meninges) buccal nerve (cheek) lingual nerve mental nerve (cutaneous)
jugular ovale
Name the cranial postsynaptic parasympathetic ganglion and the cranial nerves they correspond to, their function, and the branch of the trigeminal they ride to deliver sensory or motor information
Otic, pterygopalatin, ciliary and submandibular ganglions
Otic - glossopharyngeal (IX)
Ciliary - oculomotor (III)
Pterygopalatin and submandibular - facial (VII)
Otic ganglion provides innervation to the parotid gland (salivary gland)
Ciliary ganglion provides muscle for ciliary constriction, inferior obliques, superior, medial, and inferior rectus, and lens accommodation
Pterygopalatin supplies innervation to the lacrimal gland, the nasal cavity (mucous production) and oral cavity (saliva production)
Submandibular ganglion supplies innervation to the sublingual gland (the “glicking” muscle”) and the submandibular glands
Facial Nerve
CN VII
Consists of four different modalities
a. Visceral motor (pterygopalatine: tear production, mucous production, saliva production)
b. branchial motor (special visceral efferent): supplies stapedius, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of digastric muscles, the muscles of facial expression, including buccinator, and occipitalis muscles
c. Special sensory (taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue and hard/soft palates)
d. General sensory: skin behind ear
SVE
Special visceral efferent (SVE) refers to efferent nerves that provide motor innervations to the muscles of branchial arches.[1]
Some sources prefer the term “branchiomotor”,[2] or “branchial efferent”.[3]
The only nerves containing SVE fibers are cranial nerves: the trigeminal nerve (V), the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X) and the accessory nerve (XI).[4]
Which cranial nerve possesses special visceral efferent, general visceral efferent, general somatic afferent, and special afferent modalities?
the facial nerve
Facial nerve: visceral motor
General visceral efferent
Main nerves carrying preganglionic parasympathetics:
Greater petrosal nerve Chorda tympani (taste)
pre-ganglion parasympathetics going to pterygopalatine (lacrimal, mucosa, saliva) and submandibular
Facial nerve: Branchial motor
Special visceral efferent
all the muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric
Facial nerve: General sensory
skin of the ear, inner portion
stuff related to the ear but not much
Facial nerve: Special sense
special afferent
taste 2/3 of tongue
Greater petrosal nerve Chorda tympani (taste)
Facial nerve in a nutshell
Somatic branchial branch does facial muscle movement
Visceral motor branches use the chorda tympani and greater petrosal nerves to deliver postganglionic parasympathetic signals TO the pterygopalatine and TO the submandibular ganglions for their related functions (saliva, mucous, tears)
General sensory (afferent) skin behind ears, inner ears a bit (not much)
special sensory (tongue): uses chorda tympani and greater petrosal nerves to deliver signals
Glossopharyngeal
IX, presympathetic paraganglion signal via tympanic neve to otic ganglion; from the otic ganglion via the auriculomotor nerve on V3 to the parotid gland
two associated nerves and pathways
Tympanic Nerve —> otic ganglion —> V3, auriolotemporal nerve —> parotid gland
Somatic motor: innervates one muscle, the stylopharynegus
Visceral motor: parotid gland (salivation)
Visceral sensory: carries sensation from the carotid body and the carotid gland
General sensory: 1/3 of the posterior tongue, outer ear, and internal surface of tympanic membrane
Special sense: 1/3 of the posterior tongue
associated with the jugular foramen
Vagus sigh
X
Branchial motor (everything to do with speech with a few exceptions) (special visceral efferent): to striated muscles in the pharynx, larynx (except for the stylopharyngeus) and laveator muscle
Visceral motor (general visceral efferent) (ALSO EVERYTHING TO DO WITH SPEECH plus abdominal and thoracic extremities) smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
Visceral sensory (visceral afferent): FROM the larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic, abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in the aortic arch, chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies adjacent to the arch
General sensory
From the skin at the back of the ear and in the external acoustic meatus, part of the external surface of the tympanic membrane, and the pharynx
