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NMS 1 Exam One > Cranial Nerves I & II (& some general info) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves I & II (& some general info) Flashcards

1
Q

things that are given by the patient in the history/exam

A

soft clues

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2
Q

sharp pain on motion or constant pain

A

joint pain

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3
Q

burning, hot feeling, sharp pain not on motion, stabbing, tingling/numbness

A

nerve pain

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4
Q

cramping, spasm, dull ache

A

muscle pain

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5
Q

radiating dull or deep ache

A

referred pain

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6
Q

deep burning/dull pain

A

bone pain

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7
Q

throbbing pain

A

vascular pain

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8
Q

well localized pain

A

peripheral

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9
Q

diffuse pain

A

central

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10
Q

pain that’s there less than 25% of the time

A

intermittent

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11
Q

pain that’s there 25-50% of the time

A

occasional

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12
Q

pain that’s there 50-75% of the time

A

frequent

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13
Q

pain that’s there 75-100% of the time

A

constant

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14
Q

radiating, sharp, stabbing, well demarcated pain

A

dermatome pain

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15
Q

pain referral within muscular or fascial tissue

A

myogenous pain

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16
Q

dull, achy, diffuse pinpoint pain

A

scleratogenous pain

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17
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 0

A

no muscle contraction

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18
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 1

A

0-10% of normal movement

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19
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 2

A

11-25% of normal movement

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20
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 3

A

26-50% of normal movement

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21
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 4

A

51-75% of normal movement

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22
Q

muscle strength that’s graded 5

A

76-100% of normal movement

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23
Q

cranial nerve fibers arise bilaterally from

A

the precentral gyrus of the cerebral motor cortex

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24
Q

cranial nerve fibers descend along

A

the corticobulbar tract of the brain

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25
Q

movements that are mainly unilateral receive innervations from this hemisphere

A

the contralateral hemisphere

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26
Q

the cranial nerves that have motor function take their origin from

A

cells deep within the brain stem

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27
Q

the sensory cranial nerves originate from

A

cells outside the brain stem

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28
Q

unilateral abnormalities of CN V, VII, and VIII =

A

cerebellopontine angle lesion

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29
Q

unilateral abnormalities of CN III, IV, V and VI =

A

cavernous sinus lesion

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30
Q

combined unilateral abnormalities of CN IX, X, and XI =

A

jugular foramen syndrome

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31
Q

combined bilateral abnormalities of CN X, XI, and XII if lower motor neuron =

A

bulbar palsy

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32
Q

combined bilateral abnormalities of CN X, XI, and XII if upper motor neuron =

A

pseudobulbar palsy

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33
Q

most common cause of intrinsic brain stem lesion in a younger patient

A

multiple sclerosis

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34
Q

most common cause of intrinsic brain stem lesion in an older patient

A

vascular disease

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35
Q

edinger-westphal nucleus at the level of

A

superior colliculus

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36
Q

nucleus of trochlear nerve in mid brain at level of

A

inferior colliculus

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37
Q

motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve at level of

A

mid pons

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38
Q

nucleus of abducens nerve in

A

dorsal pons

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39
Q

motor nucleus of facial nerve near

A

near caudal border of pons

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40
Q

nucleus salivatorius superior and inferior at border of

A

pons and medulla

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41
Q

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve in

A

dorsal medulla

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42
Q

nucleus ambiguous located in

A

dorsal medulla

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43
Q

nucleus of hypoglossal nerve located in

A

medulla beneath 4th ventricle

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44
Q

mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal located in

A

mid brain

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45
Q

main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve located in

A

pons

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46
Q

vestibular and cochlear nuclei of acoustic nerve located in

A

pons and medulla

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47
Q

nucleus of tractus solitarius located in

A

dorsal medulla

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48
Q

nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve located in

A

dorsal lateral medulla

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49
Q

anosmia

A

complete loss of smell

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50
Q

anosmia is commonly associated with

A

viral infections, aging, head trauma

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51
Q

hyposmia

A

decreased sense of smell

52
Q

hyperosmia

A

increased sense of smell

53
Q

parosmia

A

perversion of smell

54
Q

cacosmia

A

abnormally disagreeable smell

55
Q

common causes of anosmia in both nostrils

A

blocked nasal passage, common cold, trauma

56
Q

may be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe

A

Foster Kennedy syndrome

57
Q

is characterized by ipsilateral blindness, anosmia, contralateral papilledema

A

Foster Kennedy syndrome

58
Q

associated with blindness, optic atrophy, a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea

A

Tay-Sachs disease

59
Q

small pupil constricts poorly to direct light, but reacts to accommodation

A

Argyll Robertson

60
Q

characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes

A

Holmes-Adie syndrome

61
Q

heterotropia

A

deviation of bilateral eye alignment

62
Q

exotropia

A

outward/lateral eye movement

63
Q

esotropia

A

inward/medial eye movement

64
Q

hypertropia

A

up eye movement

65
Q

hypotropia

A

down eye movement

66
Q

cranial nerves at the level of the midbrain

A

3 and 4

67
Q

cranial nerves at the level of the pons

A

5, 6, 7, 8

68
Q

cranial nerves at the level of the medulla

A

9, 10, 11, 12

69
Q

function of CN 1

A

smell

70
Q

function of CN 2

A

vision

71
Q

function of CN 3

A

light accommodation

72
Q

function of CN 3, 4, 6

A

eye movements

73
Q

function of CN 5

A

sensation/wink

74
Q

function of CN 7

A

facial muscles/taste

75
Q

function of CN 8

A

auditory/balance

76
Q

function of CN 9

A

taste/gag

77
Q

function of CN 10

A

voice/swallow

78
Q

function of CN 11

A

shoulder shrug

79
Q

function of CN 12

A

tongue movement

80
Q

the only sensory modality with direct access to cerebral cortex without going through the thalamus

A

olfaction

81
Q

tract that projects mainly to the uncus of the temporal lobe

A

olfactory tract

82
Q

CN 1 lesions commonly result in

A

parosmia and anosmia

83
Q

most frequent cause of dysfunction of CN 1

A

common cold

84
Q

Foster Kennedy syndrome causes optic atrophy in this eye

A

ipsilateral eye

85
Q

Foster Kennedy syndrome causes papilledema in this eye

A

contralateral eye

86
Q

Foster Kennedy syndrome causes central scotoma (central vision loss) in this eye

A

ipsilateral eye

87
Q

Foster Kennedy syndrome causes anosmia (ipsilaterally or contralaterally)

A

ipsilaterally

88
Q

rods detect

A

low light

89
Q

cones detect

A

color

90
Q

with visual field testing 60 degrees is

A

nasal view

91
Q

with visual field testing 50 degrees is

A

superior view

92
Q

with visual field testing 90 degrees is

A

lateral view

93
Q

with visual field testing 70 degrees is

A

inferior view

94
Q

the standard light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

general inspection

95
Q

the narrow light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

looking at the macula

96
Q

the target light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

measuring the optic cup

97
Q

the green light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

looking for hemorrhages

98
Q

the slit light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

papilledema (looking at elevation changes)

99
Q

the blue light setting on the ophthalmoscope is for

A

looking at cornea scratches

100
Q

optic disc swelling that is secondary to elevated intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

101
Q

2nd most common cause of blindness

A

glaucoma

102
Q

loss of vision in the center of visual field, blurry vision

A

macular degeneration

103
Q

causes blurred vision, floating stars, shadows

A

diabetic retinopathy

104
Q

causes double vision, headaches, visual disturbances

A

hypertensive retinopathy

105
Q

causes dark spot, blurred vision, pupil shape change

A

melanoma

106
Q

signs are ptosis, pupilloconstriction, facial anhydrosis, ipsilateral facial vasodilation

A

Horner’s syndrome

107
Q

amaurosis fugax associated with this CN dysfunction

A

2

108
Q

involuntary eye oscillations

A

nystagmus

109
Q

Definition of a diagnostic red flag

A

something that presents the need for further investigation

110
Q

What are the 3 categories of red flags and what do they mean?

A

Category I requires immediate attention (blood in sputum or loss of consciousness)
Category II require further questioning (fever, gait deficits, non-healing wounds)
Category III require further physical tests (abnormal reflexes, unexplained referred pain)

111
Q

Example of a red flag from each category in the cervical spine

A

Category I = worst headache they’ve ever had
Category II = bone disorders
Category III = radiculopathy

112
Q

How is intermittent pain graded

A

less than 25%

113
Q

How is occasional pain graded

A

25-50%

114
Q

How is frequent pain graded

A

50-75%

115
Q

How is constant pain graded

A

75-100%

116
Q

lesion that involves optic nerve or tract and is the most common cause of multiple sclerosis

A

retrobulbar neuritis

117
Q

lesion that includes various forms of retinitis

A

bulbar neuritis

118
Q

lesion that is a common symptom of increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

119
Q

lesion that is associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc

A

optic atrophy

120
Q

type of optic atrophy that involves the optic nerve but does. not produce papilledema

A

primary

121
Q

type of optic atrophy that is a sequel of papilledema and may be due to glaucoma or increased intracranial pressure

A

secondary

122
Q

abnormality with CN II that almost always presents as bilateral and may develop over hours to weeks

A

papilledema

123
Q

demyelinating inflammation of optic nerve that presents in patients with MS

A

optic neuritis

124
Q

CN I travels here

A

cribriform plate

125
Q

CN II travels here

A

optic canal

NMS 1 Exam One (8 decks)

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