Cranial Nerves: Functions, Exits and Reflexes Flashcards
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Cribriform plate
CN I (olfactory)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Optic Canal
CN II (optic) Ophthalmic artery (internal carotid branch)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Superior orbital fissure
CN III (occulomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens) CN V1 ( Trigeminal- opthalmic)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Foramen Rotundum
CN V2 (trigeminal- Maxillary)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Foramen Ovale
CN V3 (trigeminal- Mandibular)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Foramen Spinosum
Middle Meningeal artery
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Internal Auditory Meatus
CN VII (facial) CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Jugular Foramen
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) CN X (Vagus) CN XI (Accessory) Jugular vein
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
hypoglossal canal
CN XII (Hypoglossal canal)
What nerves/arteries exit through the:
Foramen Magnum
Brain stem
Spinal root of XI (accessory)
Vertebral arteries
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN I: Olfactory
Sensory
Smell (only CN w/o thalamic relay to cortex)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN II: Optic
Sensory
Sight
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN III: Oculomotor
Motor Eye movement (SR,IR,MR,IO) Pupillary constriction (sphincter pupillae: edinger westphal nucleus, MUSCarinic receptors) Accommodation Eyelid opening (levator palpebrae)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN IV: Trochlear
Motor Eye Movement (SO)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN V: Trigeminal
Both
Mastication
Facial sensation (opthalmic, max, mand)
Somatosensation from anterior 2/3 tongue
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN VI: Abducens
Motor Eye movement (LR)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN VII: Facial
Both
Facial movement
TASTE from ant 2/3 of tongue (chorda tympani)
Lacrimation
Salivation (Submandibular and sublingual)
Eyelid CLOSING (orbicularis oculi)
Auditory volume modulation (stapedius)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Hearing
Balance
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
Both
Taste and sensation of post 1/3 of tongue
Swallowing
Salivation (PAROTID gland)
Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo and baroreceptors
Elevation of pharynx/larynx (stylopharyngeus)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN X: Vagus
Both Taste from supraglottic region Swallowing Soft palate elevation Midline uvula talking Cough reflex Parasympathetics to thoracoabdominal viscera monitoring aortic arch chemo and baroreceptors
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN XI: Accessory
Motor
Head turning and shoulder shrugging (SCM and trapezius)
What is the type (S/M/B) and function of:
CN XII: Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue movement
What is the Function of the Nucleus solitarius and what CN are involved with it?
CN: VII, IX, X
Visceral sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)
What is the Function of the Nucleus ambiguus and what CN are involved with it?
CN: IX, X, XI (cranial portion)
Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (swallowing, palate elevation)
What is the Function of the Dorsal Motor Nucleus and what CN are involved with it?
CN: X Sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to the heart, lungs, and upper GI
Name the Afferent and Efferent branch of:
The Corneal Reflex
Afferent:
CN V1 Ophthalmic (nasociliary branch)
Efferent:
Bilateral CN VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)
Name the Afferent and Efferent branch of:
The Lacrimation Reflex
Afferent: CN V1 (loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears)
Efferent:
CN VII
Name the Afferent and Efferent branch of:
The Jaw Jerk Reflex
Afferent: CN V3 (sensory-muscle spindle from masseter)
Efferent: CN V3 (motor- masseter)
Name the Afferent and Efferent branch of:
The Pupillary Reflex
Afferent:
CN II
Efferent:
CN III
Name the Afferent and Efferent branch of:
The Gag Reflex
Afferent:
CN IX
Efferent:
CN X
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there total and what is the distribution
31 pairs in total 8 Cervical (all exit above: C8 above T1) 12 Thoracic (all below) 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygeal
Where does the spinal cord end on adults and where do you do a lumbar puncture?
Spinal cord ends: L1-L2 lower border
Do lumbar puncture: L3-L4 or L4-L5 (level of cauda equina) (use illiac crest as guide)
