Common Brain Lesions Flashcards
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Frontal Lobe
Disinhibition and deficits in concentration,
orientation, judgment;
may have reemergence of primitive reflexes.
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Frontal eye fields
Eyes look toward (destructive) side of lesion. In seizures (irritative), eyes look away from side of the lesion
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Eyes look away from side of lesion.
Ipsilateral gaze palsy (inability to look toward side of lesion
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
impaired adduction of ipsilateral eye; nystagmus of contralateral eye with abduction) (MS
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Dominant parietal cortex
Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation.
Gerstmann syndrome
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Nondominant parietal cortex
Agnosia of the contralateral side of the world
hemispatial neglect syndrome
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Hippocampus (bilateral)
Anterograde amnesia- inability to make new memories
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Basal ganglia
May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis
parkinson disease and Huntington disease
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Subthalamic nucleus
Contralateral hemiballismus
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms: Mamillary bodies (bilateral)
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Confusion, ataxia, Nystagmus, Ophthalmoplegia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Amygdala (bilateral)
Kluver Bucy Syndrome
Disinhibited behavior, hyperphageia, hypersexuality, hyperorality
(HSV-1 encephalitis)
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Dorsal midbrain
Parinaud syndrome:
Vertical gaze palsy, pupillary light-near dissociation, lid retraction, convergence-retraction nystagmus
(stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma)
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Reticular activating system (midbrain)
Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma)
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Cerebellar hemisphere
Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance;
Damage to cerebellum –> ipsilateral deficits; fall toward side of lesion
(damage lateral effect lateral limbs)
A lesion in this area would have what symptoms:
Red Nucleus
Decorticate posturing- lesion above red nucleus, presents with flexion of upper extremities and extension of lower
Decerebrate posturing- lesion below red nucleus presents with extension of upper and lower extremities (worse prognosis)
