Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Name of CN 1
Olfactory
Name of CN 2
Optic
Name of CN 3
Oculomotor
Name of CN 4
Trochlear
Name of CN 5
Trigeminal
Name of CN 6
Abducens
Name of CN 7
Facial
Name of CN 8
Vestibulocochlear
Name of CN 9
Glossopharyngeal
Name of CN 10
Vagus
Name of CN 11
Spinal Accessory
Name of CN 12
Hypoglossal
Olfactory Brain Region
Cerebrum (Telencephalon, Forebrain)
Optic Brain Region
Diencephalon (Forebrain)
Oculomotor Brain Region
Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
Trochlear Brain Region
Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
Trigeminal Brain Region
Pons (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Abducens Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Facial Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Vestibulocochlear Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Glossopharyngeal Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Vagus Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Spinal Accessory Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Hypoglossal Brain Region
Medulla (Metencephalon, Hindbrain)
Which spinal nerves are associated with the forebrain?
Olfactory (I) and Optic (II)
Which spinal nerves are associated with the midbrain?
Oculomotor (III) and Trochlear (IV)
Which spinal nerves are associated with the hindbrain?
CN V-XII
Olfactory (CN I) Function & Major fiber type
Smell
SVA (SENSORY)
Optic (CN II) Function & Major fiber type
Vision
SSA (SENSORY)
Oculomotor (CN III) Function & Major fiber type
Eye Movement (dorsal, medial, ventral - NOT LATERAL)
SE, VE (MOTOR)
Trochlear (CN IV) Function & Major Giber type/which muscle does it innervate?
Eye Movement
Dorsal Oblique Muscle: SE (MOTOR)
Trigeminal (CN V) Function & Major Fiber type
Masticatory Movements
SE
MOTOR
Sensation from face
GSA
SENSORY
Abducens (VI) Function & Major Fiber type/which muscle does it innervate?
Eye Movement
Lateral Rectus Muscle: SE
MOTOR
Facial (VII) Function & Major Fiber type
Facial Movement
SE, VE
MOTOR
Taste; rostral 2/3 tongue
SVA
SENSORY
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Function & Major Fiber type
Hearing & Balance
SSA
SENSORY
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Tongue & Pharynx
Taste sensations
SVA
SENSORY
parotid & zygomatic salivary glands
VE
MOTOR
Pharynx
GVA
Sensory
Vagus (X) functions and fiber type
Pharynx, Larynx, Heart, viscera
SE, VE, GVA….
abdominal and thoracic viscera
VE
MOTOR
MM of pharynx, larynx and esophagus
SE
MOTOR
Spinal Accessory (XI) Function and Fiber type
trapezius and three neck muscles - Neck movement
SE
MOTOR
hypoglossal (XII) Function and Fiber type
Tongue Muscles
SE
MOTOR
Which Cranial nerves have SVA fiber types?
Olfactory CN1
Facial CN7
Glossopharyngeal CN9
Which cranial nerves have SSA fiber types?
Optic CN2
vestibulocochlear CN8
Which 8 cranial nerves have SE fiber type?
oculomotor CN3 Trochlear CN4 Trigeminal CN5 Abducens CN6 facial CN7 Vagus CN10 spinal accessory CN11 hypoglossal CN12
Which cranial nerves have VE fibers?
Oculomotor CN3
Facial CN7
Glossopharyngeal CN9
Vagus CN10
Which cranial nerves have GSA fibers?
Trigeminal CN5
Which cranial nerves have GVA fibers?
Glossopharyngeal CN9
Vagus CN10
olfactory nerve clinical exam
Owners observations
Optic nerve clinical exam
Menace response
Oculomotor nerve physical exam
Horizontal eye movement
Pupillary light reflex
Trochlear nerve clinical exam
Extend head and look for dorsolateral strabismus
Trigeminal nerve clinical exam
Jaw movement and eye blink reflex
Abducens clinical exam
Lateral eye movement
facial nerve clinical exam
Facial movement
Vestibulocochlear clinical exam
Horizontal and vertical eye movement
Glossopharyngeal clinical exam
Pharyngeal gag reflexes
vagus clinical exam
Gag reflexes, blood pressure, heart rate
Spinal accessory clinical exam
Neck movement
Hypoglossal clinical exam
Tongue movement
Anosmia (loss of smell) occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Olfactory nerve I
Anopsia (loss of vision) occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Optic nerve II
Strabismus: eye deviated down and out (like looking out of the corner of eye) with large pupils occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Oculomotor nerve III
Cat: dorsal aspect of vertical pupil deviated laterally occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Trochlear nerve IV (often bilateral damage)
Bilateral damage = dropped jaw, asymmetric chewing, atrophy occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Trigeminal nerve V
Double vision; strabismus: eye deviated medially occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Abducens nerve VI
Facial paralysis and drooling occurs with damage to which cranial nerve?
facial nerve VII
Deafness, head tilt and nystagmus occur with injury to which cranial nerve?
vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
Choking and swallowing difficulty occur with damage to which cranial nerve?
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
Hoarseness and inspiratory dyspnea occur with damage to which cranial nerve?
Vagus Nerve X
Weakened turning of neck occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Spinal Accessory XI
Deviation of tongue toward side of lesion occurs with injury to which cranial nerve?
Hypoglossal XII
Damage to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve results in:
Paralysis of mastication mm. and associated muscle atrophy (bilateral damage results in dropped jaw).
Recovery 3-4 weeks
Damage to the facial nucleus results in:
Facial paralysis
Face droops, inability to blink on SIDE OF DAMAGE
Muzzle pulls toward one side (pulls AWAY from the side of damage)
OFTEN INVOLVED IN BRAINSTEM DAMAGE
Damage to the Nucleus Ambiguus (CN 9 and CN 10) results in:
Swallowing and vocalization difficulties
Bilateral damage = vocalization difficulties
Damage to the parasympathetic nucleus of III
loss of pupillary constrictor muscle in response to light on the SIDE OF THE LESION
BOTH EYES SHOULD CONSTRICT IF YOU SHINE LIGHT IN ONE
Damage to the parasympathetic nucleus of X results in:
Accelerated heart rate, increased blood pressure and disturbances of GI activity
Taste is associated with CN ……
7, 9 and 10
Oculomotor Nucleus Function
SE - Innervates eye muscles that shift gaze dorsal, medial, ventral
Trochlear Nucleus Location & Function
Innervates muscles of the tongue and eye
Located ventral to periaqueductal grey matter in the caudal midbrain
Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Function
GSA
Innervates muscles of mastication
Pontine Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve Function
GSA
Touch and Pressure sensation from the face or oral cavity
Nucleus of the spinal tract of V Location & Function
Located in the medulla
Pain & Temperature sensation from the face and oral cavity
Damage to the nucleus of the spinal tract of V
Loss of pain/temperature sensation from HALF THE FACE
Damage to the pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Damage results in loss of touch and pressure sensation from the face
Damage to the mesencepahlic (motor) nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Mastication issues yo
Muscle atrophy & bilteral damage results in dropped jaw
Abducent Nucleus Damage results in
Medial strabismus
Motor nucleus of the Facial Nerve
Muscles of facial expression
Results in facial paralysis, often involved in brainstem damage, muzzle pulls toward one side (AWAY FROM THE SIDE OF DAMAGE)
Droops on the side of damage, nose points towards opposite side
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (associated with which nerve?)
GVA (CN 9 and 10) & portion is SVA
Visceral sensation from the pharynx, larynx and portions of the esophagus
Taste from tongue and pharynx
Parasympathetic Nucleus of the Vagus N.
VE
Innervates cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera
Damage results in:
GI Disturbances
Accelerated heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Parasympathetic Nucleus of the Oculomotor N.
VE
Damage results in loss of pupillary constriction in response to light in the eye on the side of the lesion
Nucleus Ambiguus
Innervates mm of the soft palate, larynx and pharynx
Damage results in:
Swallowing diff.
Vocalization diff.
and Regurgitation
TEST GAG REFLEX
SSA Nuclei - Special Somatic Afferent
Cranial nerve VIII - hearing & Balance
Optic Nerve (2) - Vision
SVA Nuclei - Special Visceral Afferent
Taste - CN VII, IX and X
Smell - Olfactory nerve (1)
GVA Nucleus
Nucleus of the solitary tract - CN IX and X
VE Nuclei - Visceral Efferent
Parasympathetic nuclei of III and X
SE Nuclei - Somatic Efferent
CN 3-7
CN 9-12
