Cranial nerves

Question 1

Olfactory nerve

Answer 1

1
Smell
lesion due to trauma/frontal lobe tumour/meningitis

Question 2

Optic nerve

Answer 2

2
visual acuity - test with snellen charts
visual fields
damage causes visual field defect

Question 3

Occulomotor nerve

Answer 3

3
pupil dilation and constriction
eye movements upward downward and inward
damage: fixed dilated pupil, ptosis

Question 4

Trochlear nerve

Answer 4

4
Moves eyes down and in
damage: caused by orbital trauma, double vision (diplopia)

Question 5

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 5

5
facial sensation and mastication
damage: sensory - trigeminal neuralgia, herpes zoster, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
motor: bulbar palsy, acoustic neuroma

Question 6

Abducent nerve

Answer 6

6
eye movement outward
damage: cross eyed
cause: ms, pontine CVA

Question 7

Facial nerve

Answer 7

7
facial expression, taste in the ant. two thirds of the tongue, salivation
LMN: bells palsy, polio, otitis media, tumours, herpes zoster, lyme disease
UMN: stroke, tumour

Question 8

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 8

8
hearing and balance
damage: loud noise, paget’s disease of the bone, Meniere’s. herpes zoster, neurofibroma, acoustic neuroma, brainstem CVA, lead, aminoglycosides, furosemide, aspirin

Question 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 9

9
swallowing, gag reflex and speech
lesions v rare

Question 10

Vagus nerve

Answer 10

10

loadssssssss single nerve lesions v rare

Question 11

Accessory

Answer 11

11
neck turning and shoulder shagging
single nerve lesions v rare

Question 12

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 12

12
tongue movement
LMN lesions causes ipsilateral wasting and deviation of the tongue, can be caused by polio, TB, median branch thrombosis of vertebral artery