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Jonathan's Neuroscience > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which CNs are purely sensory

A

CNI, II, VIII

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2
Q

Which CNs are purely motor

A

CNIII, IV, VI, XI, XII

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3
Q

Which CNs are mixed nerves

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

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4
Q

Which motor column is most medial?

A

somatic motor

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5
Q

What is the order of motor column from medial to lateral

A

somatic, brachial, visceral

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6
Q

What is the order of sensory column from medial to lateral

A

visceral, somatic, special sensory

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7
Q

which CN nuclei are in the somatic motor column

A

CNIII, IV, VI, XII

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8
Q

which CN nuclei are in the brachial motor column

A

trigem and facial in pons
glossopharyngeal and vagus in medulla

accessory in the spinal cord

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9
Q

which muscles does CNV supply?

A

muscles of mastication
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini

(T for T)

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10
Q

which muscles supply the muscles of the pharynx and larynx

A

Vagus for all pharynx and larynx muscles except for stylopharygeus, supplied by the glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

What is the name of nucleus enclosing both CNX and CNIX

A

nucleus ambiguus behind the inferior olive

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12
Q

What are the nuclei for visceral efferents

A

Edinger-Westfal nucleus for CNIII in midbrain
superior salivatory nucleus for VII in pons
inferior salivatory nucleus for IX in medulla
dorsal motor nucleus of X in medulla

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13
Q

the nucleus __________ is responsible for visceral afferent, which has inputs from CN ____, ____, and _____ . The visceral afferents have ______ and _______ functions

A

nucleus solitarius
VII, IX, X
taste
autonomic

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14
Q

Which nerve in the visceral afferent nucleus does not have autonomic function?

A

VII

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15
Q

Nucleus Solitarius extends from ________ to ________. The rostral portion is called ______, receiving inputs from ______ and ______. The caudal portion is called ________, which is mainly responsible for control of ________ function

A 
pons 
nucleus gracilis 
gustatory nucleus 
taste buds 
palate 
visceral sensory division 
cardiovascular
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16
Q

Which nerves are included in the somatic sensory nucleus?

A

V, VII, IX, X

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17
Q

Meningioma can damage the olfactory nerve, how is the sense of smell affected?

A

anosmia, but also get sudden episodes of hallucinating smell, typically a smell of burning rubber

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of anosmia?

A

common cold

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19
Q

Where do the axons from olfactory bulb project to?

A

gustatory nucleus and insula cortex

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20
Q

Oculomotor nerve innervates four of the six extraocular muscles. Trochlear nerve innervates _________ and abducent innervates the _______. All three nerves exit together in the __________, along with the ______ branch of ______

A 
superior oblique 
lateral rectus 
superior orbital fissure 
opthalmic 
trigeminal nerve
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21
Q

Which nerve exiting the superior orbital fissure is the most susceptible to injury? Why?

A

CNVI, because it has a long way to travel

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22
Q

what somatic motor function does CNIII have?

A

somatic motor for 4/6 extra-ocular muscles

elevates eyelid via levator palpebrae superioris

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23
Q

what PNS function does the ocularmotor nerve have

A

constriction of the pupil

focussing of the ciliary muscle

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24
Q

Are the PNS and somatic motor functions of CNIII segregated at brainstem?

A

Yes, they arise from different nuclei, but travel together through the SOF

25
Q

why do cranial nerves often get affected together when there is a disease

A

CNs often exit in groups

26
Q

which nerves exit from the auditory canal

A

facial and vestibulocochlear

27
Q

which nerves exit from the jugular foramen

A

vagus and accessory

28
Q

what are the three reflexes used for testing brainstem function

A

pupillary light reflex
blink reflex
gag reflex

29
Q

what the pupillary light reflex assess?

A

the function of the midbrain

30
Q

what is the efferent and afferent nerve for pupillary light reflex

A

afferent via optic nerve at the retina

efferent via ocularmotor tot he iris

31
Q

where are the autonomic fibres of CNIII from?

A

Edinger-Westfal nucleus

32
Q

a common viral cause of cranial nerve damage is?

A

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) on CNV. Virus lies dormant in trigem ganglion and can reactivate when the immune system is down

33
Q

Trigeminal is mainly a ______ nerve, supplying the ________ function for the face, but it also has _______ motor fibres, innervating muscles of _________ and also the _______ in the inner ear

A 
sensory 
somatic sensory 
brachial 
mastication 
tensor tympani
34
Q

T/F Trigem supplies the sensory function of the brain tissue only

A

False, it also supplies the meninges

35
Q

Trigem has nuclei that run from midbrain to spinal cord. What are the four nuclei?

A

mesencephalic
chief sensory
spinal trigeminal nucleus
motor nucleus

36
Q

Pain sensation of trigem is located in the ________, proprioception is in __________, and everything else goes to _________

A

spinal trigeminal
mesencephalic
chief sensory

37
Q

which division of trigem does the trigem motor nerve travel with?

A

mandibular V3

38
Q

What does the corneal blink reflex test for?

A

pons function

39
Q

Sensory input of corneal reflex is mediated by ________ of ________, which synapse onto interneurons ________, and excite efferent neurons of _______, and then the eys blink

A

opthalmic division
trigeminal nerve
bilaterally
facial nerve (on both sides)

(so that blinking occurs on both eyes when stimulating only one)

40
Q

Facial nerve is predominantly a ______ nerve, supplying the ______ of the face. However it also has ________, ________, and ________ functions

A 
brachial motor 
muscles 
PNS efferent 
visceral sensory 
somatic sensory
41
Q

Which muscles does the facial nerve innervate in the middle ear? What is it important for?

A

stapedius

dampening sound

42
Q

digastric muscle is supplied by which nerves?

A

facial and trigem

43
Q

How does Bell’s Palsy occur?

A

damage to the lower motor neurons of CNVII

44
Q

Facial nerve travels from the brainstem through the _________, first giving a branch called ________. It then gives motor supply to ________ and also ________ branch for taste in the _______ of the tongue. Finally, it gives a posterior motor branch called ________ and also 5 anterior motor branches forming _______ at the parotid gland

A 
internal acoustic meatus 
greater petrosal 
stapedius 
chorda tympani 
anterior 2/3 
posterior auricular 
pes anserinus
45
Q

What is the function of greater petrosal branch?

A

PNS to the eye for lacrimation

46
Q

Does the facial nerve supply the parotid gland?

A

no, it just passes through the substance of parotid

47
Q

Ocularis oris is supplied by which branch of facial nerve?

A

temporal

48
Q

Acoustic neuroma is characterised by ________ and ______. Because CNVIII travels with ______ through the ________, there also be loss of _______. Additionally, the lesion may also press on ______ to cause _______

A 
gradual hearing loss 
dizziness
CNVII
internal acoustic meatus 
taste 
CNV 
facial pain
49
Q

Glossopharyngeal supplies the visceral efferent for ______ on the ______ of the tongue. It is the primary sensory nerve for _______ and _______. It also supplies the PNS function to ______ and motor function to ________, which is responsible for ________

A 
taste 
posterior 1/3 
pharynx 
middle ear
parotid gland 
stylopharyngeus 
palate elevation
50
Q

CNIX exits via ________ and it follows _________ to reach the _________ and tongue

A

jugular foramen
stylopharyngeus
oropharynx

51
Q

Which muscles does the vagus supply

A

muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper oesophagus and palatoglossus

52
Q

Gag reflex is used to assess the function of __________. It receives sensory input from _______ and motor out from _______

A

medulla
glossopharyngeal
vagus

53
Q

What are the symptoms of spinal accessory nerve damage?

A

flaccid paralysis, muscle wasting and atrophy of sternomastoid and upper part of trapezius

54
Q

where does CNXI arise from? How does it enter and exit the cranium?

A

upper 5-6 of cervial spinal cord

via foramen magnum, and exit via jugular foramen with vagus

55
Q

What movements is CNXI responsible for

A

Shoulder shrug and head turning

56
Q

If you damage your left CNXI, which way can’t you turn?

A

cannot turn to the right (the opposite side)

57
Q

What happens when you damage CNXII

A

tongue deviation to the damaged side and atrophy

58
Q

T/F CNXII deficit is usually congenital

A

True if the damage is isolated to only CNXII. Because other nerves travel with CNXII, there are usually several CN deficits occurring at the same time

59
Q

where does the CNXII exit?

A

hypoglossal foramen

Jonathan's Neuroscience (22 decks)

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