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Anatomy step 1 > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q
A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

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2
Q
A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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3
Q
A

Abducens (CN VI)

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4
Q
A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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5
Q
A

Glassopharyngeal (CN IX)

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6
Q
A

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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7
Q
A

Vagus (CN X)

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8
Q

ID CN I

A

CN I- olfactory nerve

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9
Q
A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

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10
Q
A

Accessory (CN XI)

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11
Q

ID CN II

A

CN II- optic nerve

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12
Q

CN I is the _ nerve

A

CN I is the olfactory nerve

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13
Q

ID CN III

A

CN III- oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

CN II is the _ nerve

A

CN II is the optic nerve

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15
Q

CN III is the _ nerve

A

CN III is the oculomotor nerve

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16
Q

CN IV is the _ nerve

A

CN IV is the trochlear nerve

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17
Q

CN V is the _ nerve

A

CN V is the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

CN VI is the _ nerve

A

CN VI is the abducens nerve

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19
Q

CN VII is the _ nerve

A

CN VII is the facial nerve

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20
Q

CN VIII is the _ nerve

A

CN VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve

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21
Q

CN IX is the _ nerve

A

CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve

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22
Q

CN X is the _ nerve

A

CN X is the vagus nerve

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23
Q

CN XI is the _ nerve

A

CN XI is the accessory nerve

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24
Q

CN XII is the _ nerve

A

CN XII is the hypoglossal nerve

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25
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves are located above the pons?

A
  1. Olfactory (CN I)
  2. Optic (CN II)
  3. Oculomotor (CN III)
  4. Trochlear (CN IV)
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26
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves exit the pons?

A
  1. Trigeminal (CN V)
  2. Abducens (CN VI)
  3. Facial (CN VII)
  4. Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
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27
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves are in the medulla?

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
  2. Vagus (CN X)
  3. Accessory (CN XI)
  4. Hypoglossal (CN XII)
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28
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves are located medially in the brainstem?

A
  1. Oculomotor (CN III)
  2. Trochlear (CN IV)
  3. Abducens (CN VI)
  4. Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Factors of 12

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29
Q

Eye motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Eye motion is controlled by CN III, IV, VI
* Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

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30
Q

Sight (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]

A

Sight (sensory) is controlled by CN II
* Optic nerve

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31
Q

Smell (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]

A

Smell [sensory] is controlled by CN I
* Olfactory nerve

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32
Q

Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by CN IX, X, XII
* Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal
* CN VII for saliva

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33
Q

Taste (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Tase (sensory) is controlled by CN VII, IX, X
* Facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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34
Q

Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by [cranial nerve]

A

Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by CN X
* Vagus nerve

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35
Q

Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by [cranial nerve]

A

Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by CN VIII
* Vestibulocochlear nerve

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36
Q

Touch (head) is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Touch (head) is controlled by CN V, IX
* Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerves

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37
Q

Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by CN V, VII, IX, X
* Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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38
Q

Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by [cranial nerves]

A

Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by CN IX, X
* Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

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39
Q

Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _ and _

A

Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses

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40
Q

The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]

A

The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the vagus nerve (CN X)

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41
Q

The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]

A

The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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42
Q

We have central chemoreceptors located in the [brain location] that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH

A

We have central chemoreceptors located in the medulla that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH

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43
Q

CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the _

A

CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the solitary nucleus of the medulla

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44
Q

Olfactory: [nerve classification]

A

Olfactory: special sensory
* Smell

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45
Q

Optic: [nerve classification]

A

Optic: special sensory
* Sight

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46
Q

Oculomotor: [nerve classification]

A

Oculomotor: somatic motor and visceral motor (parasympathetic)
* Eye movement, eyelid elevation
* Pupil constriction, lens accommodation

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47
Q

Trochlear: [nerve classification]

A

Trochlear: somatic motor
* Eye movement

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48
Q

Trigeminal: [nerve classification]

A

Trigeminal: branchial motor and somatic sensory
* Chewing
* Pain, touch from face, anterior two-thirds of tongue

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49
Q

Abducens: [nerve classification]

A

Abducens: somatic motor
* Eye movement

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50
Q

Facial: [nerve classification]

A

Facial: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), and special sensory
* Movement of muscles for facial expression
* Tear secretion and salivation
* Taste (anterior two-thirds of tongue)

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51
Q

Vestibulocochlear: [nerve classification]

A

Vestibulocochlear: special sensory
* Hearing and balance

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52
Q

Glossopharyngeal: [nerve classification]

A

All functions: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory
* Swallowing via stylopharyngeus
* Partotid (salivary gland)
* Sensation to posterior 1/3rd tongue, oropharynx, tympanic cavity
* Taste of posterior 1/3rd tongue
* Carotid body/arch

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53
Q

Vagus: [nerve classification]

A

All functions: branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory
* Muscles of the palate, pharynx, larynx
* Heart rate (aortic arch)
* Abdominal organs
* Stimulating GI motility
* Taste from epiglottis

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54
Q

Accessory: [nerve classification]

A

Accessory: somatic motor
* Shrugging, head turning

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55
Q

Hypoglossal: [nerve classification]

A

Hypoglossal: somatic motor
* Tongue movement

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56
Q

Vagus nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]

A

Vagus nerve helps with swallowing, coughing, speaking

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57
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with swallowing

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58
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with salivation (parasympathetic)

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59
Q

Vagus nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]

A

Vagus nerve helps with stimulating GI tract, slowing heart rate

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60
Q

Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the _ and _ respectively

A

Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the carotid body/sinus and aortic arch/heart respectively

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61
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [locations]

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from upper pharynx, posterior one-third of tongue, tympanic membrane

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62
Q

Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [location]

A

Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from larynx

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63
Q

[Cranial nerve] is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue
* Anterior two-thirds is facial nerve
* Vagus has minor role

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64
Q

To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use [mnemonic]

A

To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use “Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most”

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65
Q

CN I exits the skull through the _

A

CN I exits the skull through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
* CN I is olfactory nerve

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66
Q

The olfactory nerve synapses in the _ before the signal moves to the _

A

The olfactory nerve synapses in the olfactory bulb before the signal moves to the piriform cortex

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67
Q

_ is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input

A

CN I (olfactory nerve) is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input

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68
Q

Olfactory is a [type] nerve

A

Olfactory is a sensory nerve

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69
Q

Damage to CN I results in _

A

Damage to CN I results in anosmia
* Trauma via skull fracture, infection, tumor

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70
Q

CN II is a [type] nerve

A

CN II is a sensory nerve
* AKA optic nerve

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71
Q

CN II exits the skull at the _

A

CN II exits the skull at the sphenoid bone (optic canal)

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72
Q

Right optic nerve compression would result in _

A

Right optic nerve compression would result in total darkness on right

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73
Q

CN III is a [type] nerve

A

CN III is a motor nerve
* Oculomotor nerve

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74
Q

Oculomotor nerve is responsible for which movements of the eye?

A

Superior rectus- up
Inferior rectus- down
Medial rectus- towards nose
Inferior oblique- superior rotation

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75
Q

[CN] elevates the eyelid

A

Oculomotor (CN III) elevates the eyelid
* Levator palpebrae

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76
Q

[Cranial nerve] controls pupillary constriction

A

Oculomotor (CN III) controls pupillary constriction

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77
Q

Oculomotor palsy will look like _

A

Oculomotor palsy will look like eye down, out, dilated, ptosis

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78
Q

proper CN IV function is needed to look _

A

proper CN IV (trochlear) function is needed to look down, in
* Helps you read a book or descend stairs

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79
Q

CN IV is a [type] nerve

A

CN IV is a motor nerve

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80
Q

Trochlear nerve palsy looks like _

A

Trochlear nerve palsy looks like eye tilted outward, head tilting away from affected side
* Associated with diplopia
* Difficulty going down the stairs or reading

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81
Q

Trigeminal is a [type] nerve

A

Trigeminal is a sensory and motor nerve

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82
Q

The key sensory function of CN V is _

A

The key sensory function of CN V is sensing touch, pain, temperature of the face

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83
Q

The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:

A

The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:
V1: opthalamic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

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84
Q

Nerve V1 is involved in _ reflex

A

Nerve V1 is involved in corneal reflex

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85
Q

Trigeminal’s main motor function is _

A

Trigeminal’s main motor function is chewing
* Muscles of mastication

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86
Q

Trigeminal palsy looks like…

A

Trigeminal palsy looks like…
* Numb face
* Weak jaw, deviates towards affected side
* Neuralgia, recurrent sharp pain

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87
Q

Touching the eye for corneal reflex requires [CN] to sense, and [CN] for blink

A

Touching the eye for corneal reflex requires CN V to sense, and CN VII for blink

88
Q

CN VI is [type] nerve responsible for _

A

CN VI is motor nerve responsible for lateral rectus

89
Q

Abducens palsy looks like..

A

Abducens palsy looks like..
Inability to laterally move affected eye, diplopia

90
Q

CN VII is a [type] nerve

A

CN VII is a motor and sensory nerve

91
Q

What is the facial nerve responsible for?

A

Facial nerve:
* Muscles of facial expression
* Taste, salivation, lacrimation

92
Q

If the UMN of facial nerve is damaged (e.g MCA stroke) then..

A

If the UMN of facial nerve is damaged (e.g MCA stroke) then..
upper face is intact, lower is affected

93
Q

If the LMN of facial nerve is damaged then..

A

If the LMN of facial nerve is damaged then..
whole half the face is affected

94
Q

Loss of the (motor) corneal reflex suggests _ nerve palsy

A

Loss of the (motor) corneal reflex suggests facial nerve palsy

95
Q

Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests _ nerve palsy

A

Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests facial nerve palsy
* The facial nerve innervates all muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch which includes the stapedius (middle ear muscle)

96
Q

What sensory function is lost in facial nerve palsy?

A

Loss of taste anterior 2/3 tongue

97
Q

Bell’s palsy is idiopathic mononeuropathy of [CN]

A

Bell’s palsy is idiopathic mononeuropathy of CN VII
* Facial paralysis
* Can be caused by HSV-I, lyme, stroke, etc

98
Q

CN VIII is a [type] nerve

A

CN VIII is a sensory nerve
* Vestibulocochlear nerve

99
Q

[CN] is responsible for compensatory eye movements

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for compensatory eye movements
* Specifically the vestibular portion

100
Q

Lesion to the vestibular portion of CN VIII will manifest as _

A

Lesion to the vestibular portion of CN VIII will manifest as vertigo, nystagmus, disequilibrium

101
Q

Lesion to the cochlear portion of CN VIII will manifest as _

A

Lesion to the cochlear portion of CN VIII will manifest as tinnitus, hearing loss

102
Q

“Dolls eye” or inability to keep the eyes fixed on an object while the head is rotated suggests a lesion of [CN]

A

“Dolls eye” or inability to keep the eyes fixed on an object while the head is rotated suggests a lesion of CN VIII

103
Q

CN IX is a [type] nerve

A

CN IX is a sensory and motor nerve

104
Q

Glassopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste/sensation of [tongue region]

A

Glassopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste/sensation of posterior 1/3 tongue

105
Q

Glassopharyngeal functions:

A

Glassopharyngeal functions:
* Taste
* Salivation
* Swallowing
* Elevates pharynx
* Carotid body/sinus

106
Q

Loss of gag reflex may indicate lesion of [CN] or [CN]

A

Loss of gag reflex may indicate lesion of glassopharyngeal or vagus nerve

107
Q

Loss of sensation over the upper pharynx/tonsils indicates lesion of [CN]

A

Loss of sensation over the upper pharynx/tonsils indicates lesion of glossopharyngeal nerve

108
Q

Inability to swallow is often a lesion of [CN] but may be from damage to [CN]

A

Inability to swallow is often a lesion of vagus nerve but may be from damage to glossopharyngeal nerve

109
Q

Vagus nerve palsy manifests as..

A

Vagus nerve palsy manifests as..
* Hoarseness, dyphagia, dysarthria
* Loss of gag reflex
* Loss of sensation to pharynx and larynx
* Weak side of palate collapses
* Uvula deviates away from affected side
* High heart rate

110
Q

“Kuh kuh kuh” tests [CN]

A

“Kuh kuh kuh” tests CN X (raising palate)

111
Q

“Mi mi mi” tests [CN]

A

“Mi mi mi” tests CN VII (moving lips)

112
Q

“La la la” tests [CN]

A

“La la la” tests CN XII (moving tongue)

113
Q

_ is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed
* Located btwn the trachea and esophagus
* Left side wraps around aortic arch –> aortic dissection can affect nerve

114
Q

_ and _ are two muscles innvervated by CN XI

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius are two muscles innervated by CN XI
* Allow us to turn the head and shrug the shoulders

115
Q

Palsy of the accessory nerve would manifest as difficulty _ and _

A

Palsy of the accessory nerve would manifest as difficulty turning head normal side and shoulder droop (affected side)

116
Q

Accessory is a [type] nerve

A

Accessory is a motor nerve

117
Q

CN XII is a [type] nerve

A

CN XII is a motor nerve

118
Q

Lesion of CN XII would manifest as _

A

Lesion of CN XII would manifest as protrusion of tongue towards affected side

119
Q

Gag reflex involves [CN] to sense and [CN] to trigger gag

A

Gag reflex involves CN IX to sense and CN X to trigger gag

120
Q

In the pupillary reflex test, [CN] senses light, [CN] constricts the pupil

A

In the pupillary reflex test, CN II senses light, CN III constricts the pupil

121
Q

[CN] covers the posterior 1/3 of tongue, taste & sensation

A

CN IX covers the posterior 1/3 of tongue, taste & sensation

122
Q

Taste for anterior 2/3 tongue: [CN]
Sensation for anterior 2/3 tongue: [CN]

A

Taste for anterior 2/3 tongue: CN VII
Sensation for anterior 2/3 tongue: V3

123
Q

CN III, IV, V1, VI exit the skull at the _

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI exit the skull at the superior orbital fossa

124
Q

V2 exits the skull at the _

A

V2 exits the skull at the foramen rotundum

125
Q

V3 exits the skull at the _

A

V3 exits the skull at the foramen ovale

126
Q

VII, VIII exit the skull at the _

A

VII, VIII exit the skull at the internal auditory meatus

127
Q

IX, X, XI exit the skull at the _

A

IX, X, XI exit the skull at the jugular foramen
* If you cut your jugular, call 9-1-1 (CN 9-11)
* Descending XI

128
Q

Ascending XI transverses the skull at the _
(Don’t get confused, descending XI does go through jugular foramen)

A

Ascending XI transverses the skull at the foramen magnum
* Along with the brainstem
* Brainstem’s small accessory through the foramen magnum

(Don’t get confused, descending XI does go through jugular foramen)

129
Q

XII exits the skull through the _

A

XII exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal

130
Q

Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves

A

Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves:
1. Oculomotor (CN III): pupil constriction
2. Facial nerve (CN VII) salivation, lacrimation
3. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) salivation (parotid)
4. Vagus (CN X) heart rate, GI organs, acid secretion

131
Q

CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the _

A

CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the forebrain

132
Q

[Cranial nerves] attach to the midbrain

A

Cranial nerves 3, 4 attach to the midbrain

133
Q

[CNs] attach to the pons

A

CN 5, 6, 7, 8 attach to the pons

134
Q

[CNs] attach to the medulla

A

CN 9, 10, 11, 12 attach to the medulla

135
Q

[CN nuclei] spans the entirety of the brainstem

A

Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal (V) spans the entirety of the brainstem

136
Q

Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:

A

Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
1. Mesencephalic nucleus
2. Main/ principle nucleus
3. Spinal nucleus

137
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]

A

The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the midbrain

138
Q

The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]

A

The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the pons

139
Q

The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]

A

The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the pons and medulla

140
Q

The nuclei of CN VIII are found in [brain stem region(s)]

A

The nuclei of CN VIII are found in pons & medulla

141
Q

The oculomotor nerve uses [two nuclei]

A

The oculomotor nerve uses oculomotor motor nucleus and Edinger Westphal nucleus
* Sometimes collectively called the oculomotor complex

142
Q

Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use [CN III nuceli]

A

Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use oculomotor motor nucleus

143
Q

Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the [nucleus]

A

Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the Edinger Wesphal nucleus
* Innervating pupillary sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle

144
Q

Constriction of the pupil is the job of [muscle] and [CN]

A

Constriction of the pupil is the job of pupillary sphincter muscle and CN III
* This information goes through Edinger Wesphal nucleus

145
Q

The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the _

A

The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the superior orbital fissure

146
Q

The trochlear nerve controls [eye muscle]

A

The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique

147
Q

The superior oblique muscle helps the eyeball with [movement]

A

The superior oblique muscle helps the eyeball with depression and abduction
* Damage to superior oblique makes it hard to read book or walk downstairs

148
Q

The trochlear nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [region of the brainstem]

A

The trochlear nerve arises from the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain

149
Q

_ is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem

A

Trochlear nucleus is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem

150
Q

The trochlear nerve is the only nerve that exits from the (ventral/dorsal) brainstem

A

The trochlear nerve is the only nerve that exits from the dorsal brainstem

151
Q

The abducens nerve innervates the [muscle]

A

The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus

152
Q

The abducens nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [brainstem region]

A

The abducens nerve arises from the abducens nucleus in the pons

153
Q

[CN] abducts the eye

A

CN VI (abducens) abducts the eye (moving it laterally)

154
Q

V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only [nerve division] also carries brachial motor information

A

V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only V3 also carries brachial motor information

155
Q

The trigeminal nerve has [#] nuclei called:

A

The trigeminal nerve has 2 nuclei called:
* Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
* Motor nucleus of the trigeminal

156
Q

The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the [muscles]

A

The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the muscles of mastication
* Specifically V3

157
Q

The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the [ganglion]

A

The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the trigeminal ganglion

158
Q

The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the [muscles]

A

The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the muscles of facial expression
* All muscles derived from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch

159
Q

The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:

A

The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:
1. Facial motor nucleus
2. Superior salivatory nucleus
3. Solitary nucleus
4. Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

160
Q

Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from [nucleus] in [location]

A

Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from facial motor nucleus in pons

161
Q

Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the [CN VII nucleus] in the [location]

A

Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the superior salivatory nucleus in the pons

162
Q

Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of [CN], it transmits to the [nucleus] in the [location]

A

Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of facial nerve, it transmits to the solitary nucleus in the medulla

163
Q

The facial nerve has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the [nucleus]

A

The facial nerve has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Not a typo, the facial nerve uses trigeminal nucleus

164
Q

The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the [location]

A

The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the internal acoustic meatus
* Truly exits at the stylomastoid foramen

165
Q

The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression to the (contra/ipsi) lateral side

A

The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression to the ipsilateral side

166
Q

Facial nerve palsy can result in…

A

Facial nerve palsy can result in…
* Inability to wrinkle forehead
* Inability to close eyes
* Inability to smile

167
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying [information] and [information]

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying equilibrium/balance and hearing info
* Via the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve respectively

168
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, _ and _

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei

169
Q

All CN VIII nuclei are located in the [location]

A

All CN VIII nuclei are located in the lower pons/upper medulla
* They ride the border

170
Q

CN VIII exits the skull via the _

A

CN VIII exits the skull via the internal acoustic meatus

171
Q

The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:

A

The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:
* Nucleus ambiguus
* Solitary nucleus
* Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
* Inferior salivatory nucleus

172
Q

The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from [CN] originating from [nucleus]

A

The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from CN IX originating from nucleus ambiguus

173
Q

Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the [nucleus], carried by [CN]

A

Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the solitary nucleus, carried by glossopharyngeal nerve

174
Q

Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by [CN] and projects into the [nucleus]

A

Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by glossopharyngeal nerve and projects into the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal

175
Q

Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto [CN IX nucleus]

A

Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto solitary nucleus

176
Q

Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by [CN] and projects from [nucleus]

A

Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by glossopharyngeal nerve and projects from inferior salivatory nucleus

177
Q

CN IX transverses the skull through the _

A

CN IX transverses the skull through the jugular foramen

178
Q

The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:

A

The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:
1. Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
2. Solitary nucleus
3. Nucleus ambiguus
4. Sensory nucleus of V

179
Q

The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the [nucleus]

A

The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

180
Q

Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the [nucleus]

A

Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the solitary nucleus

181
Q

Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the [nucleus] and innervate the [muscles]

A

Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the nucleus ambiguus and innervate the muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and palate

182
Q

The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the [nucleus]

A

The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the sensory nucleus of V

183
Q

The vagus nerve carries taste information from the _ and projects into the [nucleus]

A

The vagus nerve carries taste information from the epiglottis and projects into the solitary nucleus

184
Q

The vagus nerve exits the skull at the _

A

The vagus nerve exits the skull at the jugular foramen

185
Q

The spinal accessory nerve arised from the [nucleus] in the [location]

A

The spinal accessory nerve arised from the accessory nucleus in the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)

186
Q

CN XI transverses the skull at the _

A

CN XI transverses the skull at the jugular foramen

187
Q

CN XII innervates [muscles]

A

CN XII innervates muscles of the tongue
* Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus

188
Q

CN XII originates from [nucleus] in the [location]

A

CN XII originates from hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla

189
Q

V1 exits the skull through the _

A

V1 exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure

190
Q

V2 exits the skull via the _

A

V2 exits the skull via the foramen rotundum

191
Q

V3 exits the skull via the _

A

V3 exits the skull via the foramen ovale

192
Q

CN IV exits the skull via _

A

CN IV exits the skull via superior orbital fissure

193
Q

CN VI exits the skull via _

A

CN VI exits the skull via superior orbital fissure

194
Q

The salivatory nuclei are found in the [brainstem region]; the [CN] projects to the inferior salivatory nucleus while the [CN] projects to the superior salivatory nucleus

A

The salivatory nuclei are found in the pons; the glossopharyngeal nerve projects to the inferior salivatory nucleus while the facial nerve projects to the superior salivatory nucleus

195
Q

The sensory nucleus of V receives projections from (4) cranial nerves:

A

The sensory nucleus of V receives projections from (4) cranial nerves: V, VII, IX, X

196
Q

The nucleus ambiguus sends (motor/sensory) information via the [CNs] and is found in the [location]

A

The nucleus ambiguus sends motor information via the glossopharyngeal & vagus and is found in the medulla
* Motor info to the palate, pharynx, larynx

197
Q

The solitary nucleus receives [2 types of information]

A

The solitary nucleus receives taste & visceral sensation

198
Q

The solitary nucleus receives input from [CNs]

A

The solitary nucleus receives input from facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

199
Q

Point out general location of nuclei

A
200
Q

Point out general location of nuclei

A
201
Q

Point out general location of nuclei

A
202
Q

The oculomotor nerve synapses on the [ganglion]

A

The oculomotor nerve synapses on the ciliary ganglion

203
Q

The glossopharyngeal fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus synapse at the [ganglion]

A

The glossopharyngeal fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus synapse at the otic ganglion

204
Q

Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the [nerve] and [ganglion]

A

Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the greater petrosal nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion

205
Q

Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the [nerve] and [ganglion]

A

Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the chorda tympani nerve and submandibular ganglion

206
Q

The facial nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately exits the skull through the _

A

The facial nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen

207
Q

Name the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression

A

To zanzibar by motor car
* Temporal
* Zygomatic
* Buccal
* Mandibular
* Cervical

208
Q

[Eye structure] is responsible for accommodation of lens for reading up close; innervated by oculomotor nerve

A

Ciliary body is responsible for accommodation of lens for reading up close; innervated by oculomotor nerve

209
Q

[CN] runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus

A

Abducens, CN VI runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus

210
Q

The [eye muscle] has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis

A

The levator palpebrae has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis

211
Q

Lateral rectus: [movement]
Medial rectus: [movement]

A

Lateral rectus: abduction
Medial rectus: adduction

212
Q

Superior rectus: [movement]
Inferior rectus: [movement]

A

Superior rectus: elevation + some adduction
Inferior rectus: depression + some adduction
* To isolate muscles in eye exam, have patient look laterally and up/down

213
Q

Muscles for full elevation:
Muscles for full depression:

A

Muscles for full elevation: superior rectus + inferior oblique
Muscles for full depression: Inferior rectus + superior oblique

214
Q

Superior oblique: [movement]
Inferior oblique: [movement]

A

Superior oblique: depression + abduction
Inferior oblique: elevation + abduction
* To isolate for eye exam, ask patient to look medially and then up/down

215
Q
A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Anatomy step 1 (9 decks)

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