Cranial nerves Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
A
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
2
Q
A
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
3
Q
A
Abducens (CN VI)
4
Q
A
Facial nerve (CN VII)
5
Q
A
Glassopharyngeal (CN IX)
6
Q
A
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
7
Q
A
Vagus (CN X)
8
Q
ID CN I
A
CN I- olfactory nerve
9
Q
A
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
10
Q
A
Accessory (CN XI)
11
Q
ID CN II
A
CN II- optic nerve
12
Q
CN I is the _ nerve
A
CN I is the olfactory nerve
13
Q
ID CN III
A
CN III- oculomotor nerve
14
Q
CN II is the _ nerve
A
CN II is the optic nerve
15
Q
CN III is the _ nerve
A
CN III is the oculomotor nerve
16
Q
CN IV is the _ nerve
A
CN IV is the trochlear nerve
17
Q
CN V is the _ nerve
A
CN V is the trigeminal nerve
18
Q
CN VI is the _ nerve
A
CN VI is the abducens nerve
19
Q
CN VII is the _ nerve
A
CN VII is the facial nerve
20
Q
CN VIII is the _ nerve
A
CN VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve
21
Q
CN IX is the _ nerve
A
CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve
22
Q
CN X is the _ nerve
A
CN X is the vagus nerve
23
Q
CN XI is the _ nerve
A
CN XI is the accessory nerve
24
Q
CN XII is the _ nerve
A
CN XII is the hypoglossal nerve
25
Which 4 cranial nerves are located *above the pons*?
1. Olfactory (CN I)
2. Optic (CN II)
3. Oculomotor (CN III)
4. Trochlear (CN IV)
26
Which 4 cranial nerves *exit the pons*?
1. Trigeminal (CN V)
2. Abducens (CN VI)
3. Facial (CN VII)
4. Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
27
Which 4 cranial nerves are *in the medulla*?
1. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
2. Vagus (CN X)
3. Accessory (CN XI)
4. Hypoglossal (CN XII)
28
Which 4 cranial nerves are located *medially* in the brainstem?
1. Oculomotor (CN III)
2. Trochlear (CN IV)
3. Abducens (CN VI)
4. Hypoglossal (CN XII)
*Factors of 12*
29
Eye motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Eye motion is controlled by **CN III, IV, VI**
* *Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens*
30
Sight (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Sight (sensory) is controlled by **CN II**
* *Optic nerve*
31
Smell (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Smell [sensory] is controlled by **CN I**
* *Olfactory nerve*
32
Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Swallowing, including tongue motion is controlled by **CN IX, X, XII**
* *Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal*
* CN VII for saliva
33
Taste (sensory) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Tase (sensory) is controlled by **CN VII, IX, X**
* *Facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus*
34
Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by [cranial nerve]
Gastrointestinal motility is controlled by **CN X**
* *Vagus nerve*
35
Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by [cranial nerve]
Hearing and balance (sensory) are controlled by **CN VIII**
* *Vestibulocochlear nerve*
36
Touch (head) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Touch (head) is controlled by **CN V, IX**
* *Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerves*
37
Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Touch (mouth and throat) is controlled by **CN V, VII, IX, X**
* *Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus*
38
Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by [cranial nerves]
Monitoring body functions like blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide/ oxygen is controlled by **CN IX, X**
* *Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves*
39
Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _ and _
Baroreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the **aortic arch** and **carotid sinuses**
40
The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]
The aortic arch transmits information on arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the **vagus nerve (CN X)**
41
The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the [cranial nerve]
The carotid sinuses transmit information about arterial pressure and arterial PO2 via the **glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)**
42
We have central chemoreceptors located in the [brain location] that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH
We have central chemoreceptors located in the **medulla** that respond to changes in PCO2 or pH
43
CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the _
CN IX and X transmit information on blood pressure and partial pressure of O2/CO2 from their respective receptors to the **solitary nucleus of the medulla**
44
Olfactory: [nerve classification]
Olfactory: **special sensory**
* *Smell*
45
Optic: [nerve classification]
Optic: **special sensory**
* *Sight*
46
Oculomotor: [nerve classification]
Oculomotor: **somatic motor** and **visceral motor (parasympathetic)**
* *Eye movement, eyelid elevation*
* *Pupil constriction, lens accommodation*
47
Trochlear: [nerve classification]
Trochlear: **somatic motor**
* *Eye movement*
48
Trigeminal: [nerve classification]
Trigeminal: **branchial motor** and **somatic sensory**
* *Chewing*
* *Pain, touch from face, anterior two-thirds of tongue*
49
Abducens: [nerve classification]
Abducens: **somatic motor**
* *Eye movement*
50
Facial: [nerve classification]
Facial: **branchial motor**, **visceral motor (parasympathetic)**, and **special sensory**
* *Movement of muscles for facial expression*
* *Tear secretion and salivation*
* *Taste (anterior two-thirds of tongue)*
51
Vestibulocochlear: [nerve classification]
Vestibulocochlear: **special sensory**
* *Hearing and balance*
52
Glossopharyngeal: [nerve classification]
All functions: **branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory**
* *Swallowing via stylopharyngeus*
* *Partotid (salivary gland)*
* *Sensation to posterior 1/3rd tongue, oropharynx, tympanic cavity*
* *Taste of posterior 1/3rd tongue*
* *Carotid body/arch*
53
Vagus: [nerve classification]
All functions: **branchial motor, visceral motor (parasympathetic), somatic sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory**
* *Muscles of the palate, pharynx, larynx*
* *Heart rate (aortic arch)*
* *Abdominal organs*
* *Stimulating GI motility*
* *Taste from epiglottis*
54
Accessory: [nerve classification]
Accessory: **somatic motor**
* *Shrugging, head turning*
55
Hypoglossal: [nerve classification]
Hypoglossal: **somatic motor**
* *Tongue movement*
56
Vagus nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]
Vagus nerve helps with **swallowing, coughing, speaking**
57
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [somatic efferent function]
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with **swallowing**
58
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]
Glossopharyngeal nerve helps with **salivation** (parasympathetic)
59
Vagus nerve helps with [autonomic efferent function]
Vagus nerve helps with **stimulating GI tract, slowing heart rate**
60
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the _ and _ respectively
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves have general visceral afferent fibers in the **carotid body/sinus** and **aortic arch/heart** respectively
61
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [locations]
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from **upper pharynx, posterior one-third of tongue, tympanic membrane**
62
Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from [location]
Vagus nerve carries somatic afferent information (pain, touch) from **larynx**
63
[Cranial nerve] is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue
**Glossopharyngeal nerve** is responsible for taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue
* *Anterior two-thirds is facial nerve*
* *Vagus has minor role*
64
To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use [mnemonic]
To remember which cranial nerves have sensory, motor, or both functions use **"Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most"**
65
CN I exits the skull through the _
CN I exits the skull through the **cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone**
* *CN I is olfactory nerve*
66
The olfactory nerve synapses in the _ before the signal moves to the _
The olfactory nerve synapses in the **olfactory bulb** before the signal moves to the **piriform cortex**
67
_ is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input
**CN I (olfactory nerve)** is the only sensory nerve that does not have thalamus input
68
Olfactory is a [type] nerve
Olfactory is a **sensory** nerve
69
Damage to CN I results in _
Damage to CN I results in **anosmia**
* *Trauma via skull fracture, infection, tumor*
70
CN II is a [type] nerve
CN II is a **sensory nerve**
* *AKA optic nerve*
71
CN II exits the skull at the _
CN II exits the skull at the **sphenoid bone (optic canal)**
72
Right optic nerve compression would result in _
Right optic nerve compression would result in **total darkness on right**
73
CN III is a [type] nerve
CN III is a **motor** nerve
* Oculomotor nerve
74
Oculomotor nerve is responsible for which movements of the eye?
**Superior rectus**- up
**Inferior rectus**- down
**Medial rectus**- towards nose
**Inferior oblique**- superior rotation
75
[CN] elevates the eyelid
**Oculomotor (CN III)** elevates the eyelid
* *Levator palpebrae*
76
[Cranial nerve] controls pupillary constriction
**Oculomotor (CN III)** controls pupillary constriction
77
Oculomotor palsy will look like _
Oculomotor palsy will look like ***eye down, out, dilated, ptosis***
78
proper CN IV function is needed to look _
proper CN IV (trochlear) function is needed to look **down, in**
* *Helps you read a book or descend stairs*
79
CN IV is a [type] nerve
CN IV is a **motor nerve**
80
Trochlear nerve palsy looks like _
Trochlear nerve palsy looks like **eye tilted outward, head tilting away from affected side**
* *Associated with diplopia*
* *Difficulty going down the stairs or reading*
81
Trigeminal is a [type] nerve
Trigeminal is a **sensory** and **motor** nerve
82
The key sensory function of CN V is _
The key sensory function of CN V is **sensing touch, pain, temperature of the face**
83
The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:
The trigeminal nerve is the largest CN with (3) divisions:
V1: **opthalamic**
V2: **maxillary**
V3: **mandibular**
84
Nerve V1 is involved in _ reflex
Nerve V1 is involved in **corneal reflex**
85
Trigeminal's main motor function is _
Trigeminal's main motor function is **chewing**
* *Muscles of mastication*
86
Trigeminal palsy looks like...
Trigeminal palsy looks like...
* **Numb face**
* **Weak jaw**, deviates towards affected side
* **Neuralgia**, recurrent sharp pain
87
Touching the eye for corneal reflex requires [CN] to sense, and [CN] for blink
Touching the eye for corneal reflex requires **CN V** to sense, and **CN VII** for blink
88
CN VI is [type] nerve responsible for _
CN VI is **motor** nerve responsible for **lateral rectus**
89
Abducens palsy looks like..
Abducens palsy looks like..
**Inability to laterally move affected eye, diplopia**
90
CN VII is a [type] nerve
CN VII is a **motor** and **sensory** nerve
91
What is the facial nerve responsible for?
Facial nerve:
* Muscles of facial expression
* Taste, salivation, lacrimation
92
If the UMN of facial nerve is damaged (e.g MCA stroke) then..
If the UMN of facial nerve is damaged (e.g MCA stroke) then..
**upper face is intact, lower is affected**
93
If the LMN of facial nerve is damaged then..
If the LMN of facial nerve is damaged then..
**whole half the face is affected**
94
Loss of the (motor) corneal reflex suggests _ nerve palsy
Loss of the (motor) corneal reflex suggests **facial nerve** palsy
95
Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests _ nerve palsy
Hyperacusis (patient cannot tolerate sounds) suggests **facial nerve** palsy
* *The facial nerve innervates all muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch which includes the stapedius (middle ear muscle)*
96
What sensory function is lost in facial nerve palsy?
Loss of taste anterior 2/3 tongue
97
Bell's palsy is idiopathic mononeuropathy of [CN]
Bell's palsy is idiopathic mononeuropathy of **CN VII**
* Facial paralysis
* Can be caused by HSV-I, lyme, stroke, etc
98
CN VIII is a [type] nerve
CN VIII is a **sensory** nerve
* *Vestibulocochlear nerve*
99
[CN] is responsible for compensatory eye movements
**Vestibulocochlear nerve** is responsible for compensatory eye movements
* *Specifically the vestibular portion*
100
Lesion to the vestibular portion of CN VIII will manifest as _
Lesion to the vestibular portion of CN VIII will manifest as **vertigo, nystagmus, disequilibrium**
101
Lesion to the cochlear portion of CN VIII will manifest as _
Lesion to the cochlear portion of CN VIII will manifest as **tinnitus, hearing loss**
102
"Dolls eye" or inability to keep the eyes fixed on an object while the head is rotated suggests a lesion of [CN]
"Dolls eye" or inability to keep the eyes fixed on an object while the head is rotated suggests a lesion of **CN VIII**
103
CN IX is a [type] nerve
CN IX is a **sensory** and **motor** nerve
104
Glassopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste/sensation of [tongue region]
Glassopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste/sensation of **posterior 1/3 tongue**
105
Glassopharyngeal functions:
Glassopharyngeal functions:
* Taste
* Salivation
* Swallowing
* Elevates pharynx
* Carotid body/sinus
106
Loss of gag reflex may indicate lesion of [CN] or [CN]
Loss of gag reflex may indicate lesion of **glassopharyngeal** or **vagus nerve**
107
Loss of sensation over the upper pharynx/tonsils indicates lesion of [CN]
Loss of sensation over the upper pharynx/tonsils indicates lesion of **glossopharyngeal nerve**
108
Inability to swallow is often a lesion of [CN] but may be from damage to [CN]
Inability to swallow is often a lesion of **vagus nerve** but may be from damage to **glossopharyngeal nerve**
109
Vagus nerve palsy manifests as..
Vagus nerve palsy manifests as..
* Hoarseness, dyphagia, dysarthria
* Loss of gag reflex
* Loss of sensation to pharynx and larynx
* Weak side of palate collapses
* Uvula deviates away from affected side
* High heart rate
110
"Kuh kuh kuh" tests [CN]
"Kuh kuh kuh" tests **CN X** (raising palate)
111
"Mi mi mi" tests [CN]
"Mi mi mi" tests **CN VII** (moving lips)
112
"La la la" tests [CN]
"La la la" tests **CN XII** (moving tongue)
113
_ is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed
**Recurrent laryngeal nerve** is a branch of the vagus nerve that can cause hoarseness if compressed
* Located btwn the trachea and esophagus
* Left side wraps around aortic arch --> aortic dissection can affect nerve
114
_ and _ are two muscles innvervated by CN XI
**Sternocleidomastoid** and **Trapezius** are two muscles innervated by CN XI
* Allow us to turn the head and shrug the shoulders
115
Palsy of the accessory nerve would manifest as difficulty _ and _
Palsy of the accessory nerve would manifest as difficulty **turning head normal side** and **shoulder droop (affected side)**
116
Accessory is a [type] nerve
Accessory is a **motor** nerve
117
CN XII is a [type] nerve
CN XII is a **motor** nerve
118
Lesion of CN XII would manifest as _
Lesion of CN XII would manifest as **protrusion of tongue towards affected side**
119
Gag reflex involves [CN] to sense and [CN] to trigger gag
Gag reflex involves **CN IX** to sense and **CN X** to trigger gag
120
In the pupillary reflex test, [CN] senses light, [CN] constricts the pupil
In the pupillary reflex test, **CN II** senses light, **CN III** constricts the pupil
121
[CN] covers the posterior 1/3 of tongue, taste & sensation
**CN IX** covers the posterior 1/3 of tongue, taste & sensation
122
Taste for anterior 2/3 tongue: [CN]
Sensation for anterior 2/3 tongue: [CN]
Taste for anterior 2/3 tongue: **CN VII**
Sensation for anterior 2/3 tongue: **V3**
123
CN III, IV, V1, VI exit the skull at the _
CN III, IV, V1, VI exit the skull at the **superior orbital fossa**
124
V2 exits the skull at the _
V2 exits the skull at the **foramen rotundum**
125
V3 exits the skull at the _
V3 exits the skull at the **foramen ovale**
126
VII, VIII exit the skull at the _
VII, VIII exit the skull at the **internal auditory meatus**
127
IX, X, XI exit the skull at the _
IX, X, XI exit the skull at the **jugular foramen**
* *If you cut your jugular, call 9-1-1* (CN 9-11)
* *Descending XI*
128
Ascending XI transverses the skull at the _
(Don't get confused, descending XI does go through jugular foramen)
Ascending XI transverses the skull at the **foramen magnum**
* *Along with the brainstem*
* *Brainstem's small accessory through the foramen magnum*
**(Don't get confused, descending XI does go through jugular foramen)**
129
XII exits the skull through the _
XII exits the skull through the **hypoglossal canal**
130
Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves
Name the (4) CNs that convey parasympathetic nerves:
1. **Oculomotor (CN III)**: pupil constriction
2. **Facial nerve (CN VII)** salivation, lacrimation
3. **Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)** salivation (parotid)
4. **Vagus (CN X)** heart rate, GI organs, acid secretion
131
CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the _
CN I and II attach to the brainstem at the **forebrain**
132
[Cranial nerves] attach to the midbrain
**Cranial nerves 3, 4** attach to the midbrain
133
[CNs] attach to the pons
**CN 5, 6, 7, 8** attach to the pons
134
[CNs] attach to the medulla
**CN 9, 10, 11, 12** attach to the medulla
135
[CN nuclei] spans the entirety of the brainstem
**Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal (V)** spans the entirety of the brainstem
136
Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
Name 3 parts of the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve:
1. **Mesencephalic nucleus**
2. **Main/ principle nucleus**
3. **Spinal nucleus**
137
The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The mesencephalic nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the **midbrain**
138
The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The main/ principle nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the **pons**
139
The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the [brainstem region]
The spinal nucleus (trigeminal sensory nucleus) is found in the **pons and medulla**
140
The nuclei of CN VIII are found in [brain stem region(s)]
The nuclei of CN VIII are found in **pons & medulla**
141
The oculomotor nerve uses [two nuclei]
The oculomotor nerve uses **oculomotor motor nucleus** and **Edinger Westphal nucleus**
* *Sometimes collectively called the oculomotor complex*
142
Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use [CN III nuceli]
Most motor nerves to most eye muscles (and the eyelid) use **oculomotor motor nucleus**
143
Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the [nucleus]
Parasympathetic information from CN III travels from the **Edinger Wesphal nucleus**
* *Innervating pupillary sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle*
144
Constriction of the pupil is the job of [muscle] and [CN]
Constriction of the pupil is the job of **pupillary sphincter muscle** and **CN III**
* *This information goes through Edinger Wesphal nucleus*
145
The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the _
The oculomotor nerve exits the skull at the **superior orbital fissure**
146
The trochlear nerve controls [eye muscle]
The trochlear nerve controls the **superior oblique**
147
The superior oblique muscle helps the eyeball with [movement]
The superior oblique muscle helps the eyeball with **depression** and *abduction*
* *Damage to superior oblique makes it hard to read book or walk downstairs*
148
The trochlear nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [region of the brainstem]
The trochlear nerve arises from the **trochlear nucleus** in the **midbrain**
149
_ is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem
**Trochlear nucleus** is the only cranial nerve nucleus to originate on the contralateral side of the brainstem
150
The trochlear nerve is the only nerve that exits from the (ventral/dorsal) brainstem
The trochlear nerve is the only nerve that exits from the **dorsal** brainstem
151
The abducens nerve innervates the [muscle]
The abducens nerve innervates the **lateral rectus**
152
The abducens nerve arises from the [nucleus] in the [brainstem region]
The abducens nerve arises from the **abducens nucleus** in the **pons**
153
[CN] abducts the eye
**CN VI (abducens)** abducts the eye (moving it laterally)
154
V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only [nerve division] also carries brachial motor information
V1, V2, and V3 all carry sensory information; only **V3** also carries **brachial motor** information
155
The trigeminal nerve has [#] nuclei called:
The trigeminal nerve has **2** nuclei called:
* **Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal**
* **Motor nucleus of the trigeminal**
156
The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the [muscles]
The trigeminal nerve carries brachial motor information to the **muscles of mastication**
* *Specifically V3*
157
The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the [ganglion]
The cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory nerves synapse at the **trigeminal ganglion**
158
The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the [muscles]
The facial nerve carries branchial motor nerves to the **muscles of facial expression**
* *All muscles derived from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch*
159
The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:
The facial nerve conveys information to/from (4) nuclei:
1. **Facial motor nucleus**
2. **Superior salivatory nucleus**
3. **Solitary nucleus**
4. **Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve**
160
Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from [nucleus] in [location]
Motor nerves innervating the muscles of facial expression originate from **facial motor nucleus** in **pons**
161
Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the [CN VII nucleus] in the [location]
Innervation of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, and nasal gland originates from the **superior salivatory nucleus** in the **pons**
162
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of [CN], it transmits to the [nucleus] in the [location]
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is the job of **facial nerve**, it transmits to the **solitary nucleus** in the **medulla**
163
The facial nerve has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the [nucleus]
The **facial nerve** has an additional role to carry somatic sensory information from the ear to the **sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve**
*Not a typo, the facial nerve uses trigeminal nucleus*
164
The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the [location]
The facial nerve passes through the skull (temporal bone) at the **internal acoustic meatus**
* Truly exits at the **stylomastoid foramen**
165
The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression to the (contra/ipsi) lateral side
The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression to the **ipsilateral** side
166
Facial nerve palsy can result in...
Facial nerve palsy can result in...
* Inability to *wrinkle forehead*
* Inability to *close eyes*
* Inability to *smile*
167
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying [information] and [information]
The vestibulocochlear nerve is a dual function special sensory nerve, carrying **equilibrium/balance** and **hearing info**
* *Via the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve respectively*
168
The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, _ and _
The vestibulocochlear nerve uses two various nuclei, **vestibular nuclei** and **cochlear nuclei**
169
All CN VIII nuclei are located in the [location]
All CN VIII nuclei are located in the **lower pons/upper medulla**
* *They ride the border*
170
CN VIII exits the skull via the _
CN VIII exits the skull via the **internal acoustic meatus**
171
The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:
The glassopharyngeal nerve uses (4) nuclei:
* **Nucleus ambiguus**
* **Solitary nucleus**
* **Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal**
* **Inferior salivatory nucleus**
172
The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from [CN] originating from [nucleus]
The stylopharyngeus muscle (which lifts the larynx and pharynx) gets branchial motor innervation from **CN IX** originating from **nucleus ambiguus**
173
Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the [nucleus], carried by [CN]
Taste sensation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue projects into the **solitary nucleus**, carried by **glossopharyngeal nerve**
174
Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by [CN] and projects into the [nucleus]
Somatic sensation from the oropharynx and tympanic cavity is carried by **glossopharyngeal nerve** and projects into the **sensory nucleus of the trigeminal**
175
Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto [CN IX nucleus]
Visceral sensation from the carotid body projects onto **solitary nucleus**
176
Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by [CN] and projects from [nucleus]
Parasympathetic information to the parotid gland is carried by **glossopharyngeal nerve** and projects from **inferior salivatory nucleus**
177
CN IX transverses the skull through the _
CN IX transverses the skull through the **jugular foramen**
178
The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:
The vagus nerve uses (4) cranial nuclei:
1. **Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus**
2. **Solitary nucleus**
3. **Nucleus ambiguus**
4. **Sensory nucleus of V**
179
The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the [nucleus]
The vagus nerve transmits parasympathetic info to the thoracic and abdominal organs from the **dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus**
180
Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the [nucleus]
Visceral sensory information carried by the vagus projects to the **solitary nucleus**
181
Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the [nucleus] and innervate the [muscles]
Branchial motor nerves from the vagus originate from the **nucleus ambiguus** and innervate the **muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and palate**
182
The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the [nucleus]
The vagus also carries some somatic sensory information from the ear and meninges to the **sensory nucleus of V**
183
The vagus nerve carries taste information from the _ and projects into the [nucleus]
The vagus nerve carries taste information from the **epiglottis** and projects into the **solitary nucleus**
184
The vagus nerve exits the skull at the _
The vagus nerve exits the skull at the **jugular foramen**
185
The spinal accessory nerve arised from the [nucleus] in the [location]
The spinal accessory nerve arised from the **accessory nucleus** in the **cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)**
186
CN XI transverses the skull at the _
CN XI transverses the skull at the **jugular foramen**
187
CN XII innervates [muscles]
CN XII innervates **muscles of the tongue**
* *Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus*
188
CN XII originates from [nucleus] in the [location]
CN XII originates from **hypoglossal nucleus** in the **medulla**
189
V1 exits the skull through the _
V1 exits the skull through the **superior orbital fissure**
190
V2 exits the skull via the _
V2 exits the skull via the **foramen rotundum**
191
V3 exits the skull via the _
V3 exits the skull via the **foramen ovale**
192
CN IV exits the skull via _
CN IV exits the skull via **superior orbital fissure**
193
CN VI exits the skull via _
CN VI exits the skull via **superior orbital fissure**
194
The salivatory nuclei are found in the [brainstem region]; the [CN] projects to the inferior salivatory nucleus while the [CN] projects to the superior salivatory nucleus
The salivatory nuclei are found in the **pons**; the **glossopharyngeal nerve** projects to the *inferior salivatory nucleus* while the **facial nerve** projects to the *superior salivatory nucleus*
195
The sensory nucleus of V receives projections from (4) cranial nerves:
The sensory nucleus of V receives projections from (4) cranial nerves: **V, VII, IX, X**
196
The nucleus ambiguus sends (motor/sensory) information via the [CNs] and is found in the [location]
The nucleus ambiguus sends **motor** information via the **glossopharyngeal & vagus** and is found in the **medulla**
* *Motor info to the palate, pharynx, larynx*
197
The solitary nucleus receives [2 types of information]
The solitary nucleus receives **taste & visceral sensation**
198
The solitary nucleus receives input from [CNs]
The solitary nucleus receives input from **facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus**
199
Point out general location of nuclei
200
Point out general location of nuclei
201
Point out general location of nuclei
202
The oculomotor nerve synapses on the [ganglion]
The oculomotor nerve synapses on the **ciliary ganglion**
203
The glossopharyngeal fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus synapse at the [ganglion]
The glossopharyngeal fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus synapse at the **otic ganglion**
204
Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the [nerve] and [ganglion]
Some parasympathetic information to the head (specifically to the lacrimal and nasal glands) go through the **greater petrosal nerve** and **pterygopalatine ganglion**
205
Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the [nerve] and [ganglion]
Parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular and sublingual glands can also travel via the **chorda tympani nerve** and **submandibular ganglion**
206
The facial nerve *passes through* the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately *exits the skull* through the _
The facial nerve *passes through* the internal acoustic meatus as part of its intracranial course, but ultimately *exits the skull* through the **stylomastoid foramen**
207
Name the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression
*To zanzibar by motor car*
* **Temporal**
* **Zygomatic**
* **Buccal**
* **Mandibular**
* **Cervical**
208
[Eye structure] is responsible for accommodation of lens for reading up close; innervated by oculomotor nerve
**Ciliary body** is responsible for accommodation of lens for reading up close; innervated by oculomotor nerve
209
[CN] runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus
**Abducens, CN VI** runs very close to the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus
210
The [eye muscle] has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis
The **levator palpebrae** has both oculomotor and sympathetic innervation (smooth-muscle component); damage to either can cause ptosis
211
Lateral rectus: [movement]
Medial rectus: [movement]
Lateral rectus: **abduction**
Medial rectus: **adduction**
212
Superior rectus: [movement]
Inferior rectus: [movement]
Superior rectus: **elevation** + some adduction
Inferior rectus: **depression** + some adduction
* *To isolate muscles in eye exam, have patient look laterally and up/down*
213
Muscles for full elevation:
Muscles for full depression:
Muscles for full elevation: **superior rectus + inferior oblique**
Muscles for full depression: **Inferior rectus + superior oblique**
214
Superior oblique: [movement]
Inferior oblique: [movement]
Superior oblique: **depression + abduction**
Inferior oblique: **elevation + abduction**
* *To isolate for eye exam, ask patient to look medially and then up/down*
215
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
