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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The _ is the region that encompasses the opening to the urethra and the vagina

A

The vestibule of the vagina is the region that encompasses the opening to the urethra and the vagina

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2
Q

The vestibule of the vagina encompasses the _ and _

A

The vestibule of the vagina encompasses the urethral orifice and vaginal introitus

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3
Q

_ and _ are two muscles of the perineum that are deep to the external genitalia (vulva)

A

Bulbospongiosus and Ischiocavernosus are two muscles of the perineum that are deep to the external genitalia (vulva)

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4
Q

The bulbospongiosus muscle overlies erectile tissue called _ and glands called _

A

The bulbospongiosus muscle overlies erectile tissue called bulb of vestibule and glands called greater vestibular glands (bartholin’s)

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5
Q

Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) function to _

A

Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) function to secrete mucus for lubrication

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6
Q

The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the middle of the pelvis, posterior to the _ and anterior to the _

A

The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the middle of the pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

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7
Q

The _ is the normal site of implantation of the fertilized egg

A

The uterus is the normal site of implantation of the fertilized egg

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8
Q

The top portion of the uterus is called the _

A

The top portion of the uterus is called the fundus

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9
Q

The portion of the uterus that narrows before becoming the distal cervix is called the _

A

The portion of the uterus that narrows before becoming the distal cervix is called the isthmus

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10
Q

Name the layers of the uterus deep to superficial

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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11
Q

The _ is the outer serosal layer of the uterus

A

The perimetrium is the outer serosal layer

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12
Q

The _ is the thick smooth muscle layer of the uterus

A

The myometrium is the thick smooth muscle layer of the uterus

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13
Q

The inner lining of the uterus is called the _

A

The inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium

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14
Q

The cervix is the inferior _ portion of the uterus and it is the least mobile portion

A

The cervix is the inferior 1/3rd of the uterus and is the least mobile portion

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15
Q

The portion of the cervix that is inside the cervical canal is called the _

A

The portion of the cervix that is inside the cervical canal is called the endocervix

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16
Q

The part of the cervix that protrudes into the upper vagina and is surrounded by vaginal fornices (recesses) is called the _

A

The part of the cervix that protrudes into the upper vagina and is surrounded by vaginal fornices (recesses) is called the ectocervix

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17
Q

The uterus receives its vascular supply by three branches:

A

The uterus receives its vascular supply by three branches:
1. Uterine artery
2. Vaginal artery
3. Ovarian artery

The main supply is the uterine artery

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18
Q

The uterine artery arises from the _

A

The uterine artery arises from the internal iliac

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19
Q

The vaginal artery arises from the _

A

The vaginal artery arises from the internal iliac

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20
Q

The ovarian artery arises from the _

A

The ovarian artery arises from the aorta

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21
Q

The uterine artery traverses through the _ ligament

A

The uterine artery traverses through the cardinal ligament

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22
Q

The ovarian artery traverses through the _ ligament

A

The ovarian artery traverses through the suspensory “IP” ligament

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23
Q

The uterine and ovarian arteries anastomose together forming the _

A

The uterine and ovarian arteries anastomose together forming the sampson artery
* This artery gets ligated during hysterectomies

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24
Q

The uterine veins drain into the _

A

The uterine veins drain into the internal iliac veins –> IVC

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25
The ovaries reside along the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity and are vascularized by the _
The ovaries reside along the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity and are vascularized by the **ovarian arteries** * Ovaries are important for producing eggs and hormones
26
The _ ligament is a fold of the peritoneum that encloses the ovarian artery, veins, nerves
The **infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament** is a fold of the peritoneum that encloses the ovarian artery, veins, nerves * It is also called the **suspensory ligament of the ovary**
27
The _ ovarian vein drains into the IVC while the _ ovarian vein drains into the renal vein before draining into the IVC
The **right ovarian vein** drains into the IVC while the **left ovarian vein** drains into the renal vein before draining into the IVC
28
_ help connect the ovaries to the uterus
**Ovarian ligaments** help connect ovaries to the uterus
29
Name the four segments of the fallopian tubes
Fallopian tube segments: 1. **Interstitium** 2. **Isthmus** 3. **Ampulla** 4. **Infundibulum**
30
The _ is the segment of the FT that passes through the uterine wall
The **interstitium** is the segment of the FT that passes through the uterine wall
31
The _ is the narrowest portion of the FT
The **isthmus** is the narrowest portion of the FT
32
The _ is the longest and widest portion of the FT and is the normal site of fertilization
The **ampulla** is the longest and widest portion of the FT and is the normal site of fertilization
33
The _ is the terminal portion of the fallopian tube that is open to the peritoneal cavity; it is shaped like a trumpet with finger-like projections that surround the pole of the ovary
The **infundibulum** is the terminal portion of the fallopian tube that is open to the peritoneal cavity; it is shaped like a trumpet with finger-like projections that surround the pole of the ovary
34
The finger-like _ surround the pole of the ovary and help to sweep up the released egg into the tubes
The finger-like **fimbriae** surround the pole of the ovary and help to sweep up the released egg into the tubes
35
Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus is called a _ and most commonly occurs in the _
Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus is called an **ectopic pregnancy** and most commonly occurs in the **fallopian tubes**
36
Fallopian tubes are vascularized by the _
Fallopian tubes are vascularized by the **ovarian artery**
37
The _ is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to its orifice in the peritoneum
The **vagina** is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to its orifice in the peritoneum
38
The _ are the recesses that surround the ectocervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina
The **vaginal fornices** are the recesses that surround the ectocervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina
39
The upper 3/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the _
The upper 3/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the **vaginal arteries**
40
The lower 1/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the _
The lower 1/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the **internal pudendal arteries**
41
The _ drapes over the bladder and the uterus, creating spaces between the organs
The **peritoneum** drapes over the bladder and the uterus, creating spaces between the organs
42
The _ is the potential space anterior to the uterus
The **vesicouterine space** is the potential space anterior to the uterus * Where the peritoneum drapes between the bladder and the uterus
43
The _ is the space posterior to the uterus and is the most inferior recess within the female abdominopelvic cavity
The **rectouterine space (pouch of Douglas)** is the space posterior to the uterus and is the most inferior recess within the female abdominopelvic cavity
44
Removal/sampling of the fluid from the pouch of Douglas is called a _
Removal/sampling of the fluid from the pouch of Douglas is called a **culdocentesis**
45
The _ ligaments originate from the fundus and insert into the labia majora in the peritoneum; they help to support the uterus/cervix
The **round ligaments of the uterus** originate from the fundus and insert into the labia majora in the peritoneum; they help to support the uterus/cervix
46
The round ligaments pass through the _
The round ligaments pass **through the deep inguinal rings, traversing through inguinal canals**
47
The _ is a double layer of peritoneum that surrounds and supports the uterus
The **broad ligament** is a double layer of peritoneum that surrounds and supports the uterus
48
Name the (3) parts of the broad ligament:
Name the (3) parts of the broad ligament: 1. **Mesosalpinx** 2. **Mesovarium** 3. **Mesometrium**
49
The _ is the region of the broad ligament that surrounds the fallopian tube
The **mesosalpinx** is the region of the broad ligament that surrounds the fallopian tube
50
The _ is the posterior extension of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
The **mesovarium** is the posterior extension of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
51
The _ is the portion of the broad ligament that extends from the uterine body to the sidewalls of the pelvic cavity
The **mesometrium** is the portion of the broad ligament that extends from the uterine body to the sidewalls of the pelvic cavity
52
The _ ligament connects/ stabilizes the cervix to the pelvic sidewalls
The **cardinal ligament** connects/ stabilizes the cervix to the pelvic sidewalls
53
The cardinal ligaments are located at the base of the _ ligament
The cardinal ligaments are located at the base of the **broad ligament**
54
The _ vessels are transmitted through the cardinal ligament
The **uterine artery, vein, and ureters** are transmitted through the cardinal ligament
55
When we talk about the "water under the bridge" we are referring to the _ running overtop of the ureters in the female
When we talk about the "water under the bridge" we are referring to the **uterine artery and vein** running overtop of the ureters in the female * This is at the base of the cardinal ligament
56
The cardinal ligament is also called the _ or _
The cardinal ligament is also called the **transverse cervical** or **Makenrodt's ligament**
57
The bladder is covered by peritoneum on its _ surface
The bladder is covered by peritoneum on its **superior** surface
58
The bladder has a smooth triangular-shaped "trigone" on its posterior wall defined by _ structures
The bladder has a smooth triangular-shaped "trigone" on its posterior wall defined by **two ureteral orifices + internal urethral meatus/sphincter**
59
The walls of the bladder are made of smooth muscle called _ that is under ANS control
The walls of the bladder are made of smooth muscle called **detrusor muscle** that is under ANS control
60
The _ is at the neck of the bladder and helps prevent urine from leaving when closed; it is under ANS control
The **internal urethral sphincter** is at the neck of the bladder and helps prevent urine from leaving when closed; it is under ANS control
61
The female _ extends from the neck of the bladder to the external orifice in the peritoneum
The female **urethra** extends from the neck of the bladder to the external orifice in the peritoneum
62
The external urethral spincter is _ muscle; it is under somatic control via the _
The external urethral spincter is **skeletal muscle**; it is under somatic control via the **pudendal nerve**
63
The sympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from spinal cord segments _
The sympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from spinal cord segments **T10-L2**
64
Parasympathetic nerves arise from spinal cord segments _ as pelvic splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic nerves arise from spinal cord segments **S2-S4** as **pelvic splanchnic nerves**
65
Visceral sensory nerves of the female pelvis travel with the _ and _ to the CNS
Visceral sensory nerves of the female pelvis travel with the **sympathetic splanchnics** and **pelvic splanchnics** to the CNS
66
Collectively, the nerves supplying the female pelvis are called the _
Collectively, the nerves supplying the female pelvis are called the **inferior hypogastric plexus**
67
The _ nerve is a somatic nerve that innervates the external genital structures in the perineum
The **pudendal nerve** is a somatic nerve that innervates the external genital structures in the perineum
68
Lymphatic drainage from the ovaries flows directly to the _ nodes
Lymphatic drainage from the ovaries flows directly to the **para-aortic nodes** in the abdomen (paralelling their blood supply)
69
Lymphatic drainage from the female organs (excluding the ovaries) drain initially to the _
Lymphatic drainage from the female organs (excluding the ovaries) drain initially to the **lymph nodes around the internal iliac vessels** --> these then drain into the common iliac nodes --> para-aortic nodes
70
Explain the pathway of lymph from the female pelvis (excluding ovaries)
**Internal iliac nodes** --> **Common iliac nodes** --> **Para-aortic nodes**
71
Lymph from the superficial perineal region initially flows into the _ nodes in the groin area
Lymph from the superficial perineal region initially flows into the **superficial inguinal lymph nodes** in the groin area
72
Lymph from the deeper perineal structures (ie the erectile tissues) initially flows into the _
Lymph from the deeper perineal structures (ie the erectile tissues) initially flows into the **internal iliac nodes**
73
During a hysterectomy, the ureters can be found _ and should not be clamped
During a hysterectomy, the ureters can be found **under the uterine vessels** and should not be clamped
74
The sampson artery is an anastomosis of the _ and _
The sampson artery is an anastomosis of the **uterine** and **ovarian arteries**
75
The _ conveys the ovarian artery which vascularizes the ovary and helps to vascularize the uterus as well
The **IP or suspensory ligament** conveys the ovarian artery which vascularizes the ovary and helps to vascularize the uterus as well
76
The _ ligament helps support the uterus and conveys the uterine vessels/ureter
The **cardinal ligament** helps support the uterus and conveys the uterine vessels/ureter
77
The _ ligament traverses the inguinal canal into the labia majora
The **round ligament** traverses the inguinal canal into the labia majora
78
The testicular arteries branch from the _
The testicular arteries branch from the **abdominal aorta**
79
The vasculature to the male genitals (excluding the testicles) branches from the _
The vasculature to the male genitals (excluding the testicles) branches from the **internal iliac**
80
The male urethra has (4) portions in the male:
The male urethra has (4) portions in the male: 1. Prostatic 2. Membranous 3. Bulbar 4. Penile
81
Lymph drainage from the testis drains to the _ ; drainage from the scrotum goes to _ ; from the postate goes to the _
Lymph drainage from the testis drains to the **para-aortic nodes** ; drainage from the scrotum goes to **superficial inguinal nodes** ; from the postate goes to the **internal iliac nodes**
82
Male erection requires _ innervation
Male erection requires **parasympathetic** innervation
83
Emission requires _ innervation
Emission requires **hypogastric nerves** (sympathetic)
84
Expulsion requires _ innervation
Expulsion requires **pudendal nerves** (somatic) * "Point, squeeze, shoot"

Anatomy step 1 (9 decks)

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