Anatomy Flashcards
The _ is the region that encompasses the opening to the urethra and the vagina
The vestibule of the vagina is the region that encompasses the opening to the urethra and the vagina
The vestibule of the vagina encompasses the _ and _
The vestibule of the vagina encompasses the urethral orifice and vaginal introitus
_ and _ are two muscles of the perineum that are deep to the external genitalia (vulva)
Bulbospongiosus and Ischiocavernosus are two muscles of the perineum that are deep to the external genitalia (vulva)
The bulbospongiosus muscle overlies erectile tissue called _ and glands called _
The bulbospongiosus muscle overlies erectile tissue called bulb of vestibule and glands called greater vestibular glands (bartholin’s)
Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) function to _
Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) function to secrete mucus for lubrication
The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the middle of the pelvis, posterior to the _ and anterior to the _
The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the middle of the pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum
The _ is the normal site of implantation of the fertilized egg
The uterus is the normal site of implantation of the fertilized egg
The top portion of the uterus is called the _
The top portion of the uterus is called the fundus
The portion of the uterus that narrows before becoming the distal cervix is called the _
The portion of the uterus that narrows before becoming the distal cervix is called the isthmus
Name the layers of the uterus deep to superficial
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
The _ is the outer serosal layer of the uterus
The perimetrium is the outer serosal layer
The _ is the thick smooth muscle layer of the uterus
The myometrium is the thick smooth muscle layer of the uterus
The inner lining of the uterus is called the _
The inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium
The cervix is the inferior _ portion of the uterus and it is the least mobile portion
The cervix is the inferior 1/3rd of the uterus and is the least mobile portion
The portion of the cervix that is inside the cervical canal is called the _
The portion of the cervix that is inside the cervical canal is called the endocervix
The part of the cervix that protrudes into the upper vagina and is surrounded by vaginal fornices (recesses) is called the _
The part of the cervix that protrudes into the upper vagina and is surrounded by vaginal fornices (recesses) is called the ectocervix
The uterus receives its vascular supply by three branches:
The uterus receives its vascular supply by three branches:
1. Uterine artery
2. Vaginal artery
3. Ovarian artery
The main supply is the uterine artery
The uterine artery arises from the _
The uterine artery arises from the internal iliac
The vaginal artery arises from the _
The vaginal artery arises from the internal iliac
The ovarian artery arises from the _
The ovarian artery arises from the aorta
The uterine artery traverses through the _ ligament
The uterine artery traverses through the cardinal ligament
The ovarian artery traverses through the _ ligament
The ovarian artery traverses through the suspensory “IP” ligament
The uterine and ovarian arteries anastomose together forming the _
The uterine and ovarian arteries anastomose together forming the sampson artery
* This artery gets ligated during hysterectomies
The uterine veins drain into the _
The uterine veins drain into the internal iliac veins –> IVC
The ovaries reside along the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity and are vascularized by the _
The ovaries reside along the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity and are vascularized by the ovarian arteries
* Ovaries are important for producing eggs and hormones
The _ ligament is a fold of the peritoneum that encloses the ovarian artery, veins, nerves
The infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament is a fold of the peritoneum that encloses the ovarian artery, veins, nerves
* It is also called the suspensory ligament of the ovary
The _ ovarian vein drains into the IVC while the _ ovarian vein drains into the renal vein before draining into the IVC
The right ovarian vein drains into the IVC while the left ovarian vein drains into the renal vein before draining into the IVC
_ help connect the ovaries to the uterus
Ovarian ligaments help connect ovaries to the uterus
Name the four segments of the fallopian tubes
Fallopian tube segments:
1. Interstitium
2. Isthmus
3. Ampulla
4. Infundibulum
The _ is the segment of the FT that passes through the uterine wall
The interstitium is the segment of the FT that passes through the uterine wall
The _ is the narrowest portion of the FT
The isthmus is the narrowest portion of the FT
The _ is the longest and widest portion of the FT and is the normal site of fertilization
The ampulla is the longest and widest portion of the FT and is the normal site of fertilization
The _ is the terminal portion of the fallopian tube that is open to the peritoneal cavity; it is shaped like a trumpet with finger-like projections that surround the pole of the ovary
The infundibulum is the terminal portion of the fallopian tube that is open to the peritoneal cavity; it is shaped like a trumpet with finger-like projections that surround the pole of the ovary
The finger-like _ surround the pole of the ovary and help to sweep up the released egg into the tubes
The finger-like fimbriae surround the pole of the ovary and help to sweep up the released egg into the tubes
Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus is called a _ and most commonly occurs in the _
Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterus is called an ectopic pregnancy and most commonly occurs in the fallopian tubes
Fallopian tubes are vascularized by the _
Fallopian tubes are vascularized by the ovarian artery
The _ is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to its orifice in the peritoneum
The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to its orifice in the peritoneum
The _ are the recesses that surround the ectocervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina
The vaginal fornices are the recesses that surround the ectocervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina
The upper 3/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the _
The upper 3/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the vaginal arteries
The lower 1/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the _
The lower 1/4 of the vagina is vascularized by the internal pudendal arteries
The _ drapes over the bladder and the uterus, creating spaces between the organs
The peritoneum drapes over the bladder and the uterus, creating spaces between the organs
The _ is the potential space anterior to the uterus
The vesicouterine space is the potential space anterior to the uterus
* Where the peritoneum drapes between the bladder and the uterus
The _ is the space posterior to the uterus and is the most inferior recess within the female abdominopelvic cavity
The rectouterine space (pouch of Douglas) is the space posterior to the uterus and is the most inferior recess within the female abdominopelvic cavity
Removal/sampling of the fluid from the pouch of Douglas is called a _
Removal/sampling of the fluid from the pouch of Douglas is called a culdocentesis
The _ ligaments originate from the fundus and insert into the labia majora in the peritoneum; they help to support the uterus/cervix
The round ligaments of the uterus originate from the fundus and insert into the labia majora in the peritoneum; they help to support the uterus/cervix
The round ligaments pass through the _
The round ligaments pass through the deep inguinal rings, traversing through inguinal canals
The _ is a double layer of peritoneum that surrounds and supports the uterus
The broad ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that surrounds and supports the uterus
Name the (3) parts of the broad ligament:
Name the (3) parts of the broad ligament:
1. Mesosalpinx
2. Mesovarium
3. Mesometrium
The _ is the region of the broad ligament that surrounds the fallopian tube
The mesosalpinx is the region of the broad ligament that surrounds the fallopian tube
The _ is the posterior extension of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
The mesovarium is the posterior extension of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary
The _ is the portion of the broad ligament that extends from the uterine body to the sidewalls of the pelvic cavity
The mesometrium is the portion of the broad ligament that extends from the uterine body to the sidewalls of the pelvic cavity
The _ ligament connects/ stabilizes the cervix to the pelvic sidewalls
The cardinal ligament connects/ stabilizes the cervix to the pelvic sidewalls
The cardinal ligaments are located at the base of the _ ligament
The cardinal ligaments are located at the base of the broad ligament
The _ vessels are transmitted through the cardinal ligament
The uterine artery, vein, and ureters are transmitted through the cardinal ligament
When we talk about the “water under the bridge” we are referring to the _ running overtop of the ureters in the female
When we talk about the “water under the bridge” we are referring to the uterine artery and vein running overtop of the ureters in the female
* This is at the base of the cardinal ligament
The cardinal ligament is also called the _ or _
The cardinal ligament is also called the transverse cervical or Makenrodt’s ligament
The bladder is covered by peritoneum on its _ surface
The bladder is covered by peritoneum on its superior surface
The bladder has a smooth triangular-shaped “trigone” on its posterior wall defined by _ structures
The bladder has a smooth triangular-shaped “trigone” on its posterior wall defined by two ureteral orifices + internal urethral meatus/sphincter
The walls of the bladder are made of smooth muscle called _ that is under ANS control
The walls of the bladder are made of smooth muscle called detrusor muscle that is under ANS control
The _ is at the neck of the bladder and helps prevent urine from leaving when closed; it is under ANS control
The internal urethral sphincter is at the neck of the bladder and helps prevent urine from leaving when closed; it is under ANS control
The female _ extends from the neck of the bladder to the external orifice in the peritoneum
The female urethra extends from the neck of the bladder to the external orifice in the peritoneum
The external urethral spincter is _ muscle; it is under somatic control via the _
The external urethral spincter is skeletal muscle; it is under somatic control via the pudendal nerve
The sympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from spinal cord segments _
The sympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from spinal cord segments T10-L2
Parasympathetic nerves arise from spinal cord segments _ as pelvic splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic nerves arise from spinal cord segments S2-S4 as pelvic splanchnic nerves
Visceral sensory nerves of the female pelvis travel with the _ and _ to the CNS
Visceral sensory nerves of the female pelvis travel with the sympathetic splanchnics and pelvic splanchnics to the CNS
Collectively, the nerves supplying the female pelvis are called the _
Collectively, the nerves supplying the female pelvis are called the inferior hypogastric plexus
The _ nerve is a somatic nerve that innervates the external genital structures in the perineum
The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve that innervates the external genital structures in the perineum
Lymphatic drainage from the ovaries flows directly to the _ nodes
Lymphatic drainage from the ovaries flows directly to the para-aortic nodes in the abdomen (paralelling their blood supply)
Lymphatic drainage from the female organs (excluding the ovaries) drain initially to the _
Lymphatic drainage from the female organs (excluding the ovaries) drain initially to the lymph nodes around the internal iliac vessels –> these then drain into the common iliac nodes –> para-aortic nodes
Explain the pathway of lymph from the female pelvis (excluding ovaries)
Internal iliac nodes –>
Common iliac nodes –>
Para-aortic nodes
Lymph from the superficial perineal region initially flows into the _ nodes in the groin area
Lymph from the superficial perineal region initially flows into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the groin area
Lymph from the deeper perineal structures (ie the erectile tissues) initially flows into the _
Lymph from the deeper perineal structures (ie the erectile tissues) initially flows into the internal iliac nodes
During a hysterectomy, the ureters can be found _ and should not be clamped
During a hysterectomy, the ureters can be found under the uterine vessels and should not be clamped
The sampson artery is an anastomosis of the _ and _
The sampson artery is an anastomosis of the uterine and ovarian arteries
The _ conveys the ovarian artery which vascularizes the ovary and helps to vascularize the uterus as well
The IP or suspensory ligament conveys the ovarian artery which vascularizes the ovary and helps to vascularize the uterus as well
The _ ligament helps support the uterus and conveys the uterine vessels/ureter
The cardinal ligament helps support the uterus and conveys the uterine vessels/ureter
The _ ligament traverses the inguinal canal into the labia majora
The round ligament traverses the inguinal canal into the labia majora
The testicular arteries branch from the _
The testicular arteries branch from the abdominal aorta
The vasculature to the male genitals (excluding the testicles) branches from the _
The vasculature to the male genitals (excluding the testicles) branches from the internal iliac
The male urethra has (4) portions in the male:
The male urethra has (4) portions in the male:
1. Prostatic
2. Membranous
3. Bulbar
4. Penile
Lymph drainage from the testis drains to the _ ; drainage from the scrotum goes to _ ; from the postate goes to the _
Lymph drainage from the testis drains to the para-aortic nodes ; drainage from the scrotum goes to superficial inguinal nodes ; from the postate goes to the internal iliac nodes
Male erection requires _ innervation
Male erection requires parasympathetic innervation
Emission requires _ innervation
Emission requires hypogastric nerves (sympathetic)
Expulsion requires _ innervation
Expulsion requires pudendal nerves (somatic)
* “Point, squeeze, shoot”
