overview Flashcards
Alloplastic
change must come from environment, e.g., advocacy to change systems
Autoplastic
the client needs to change
Etic
an outsider looking in on a culture without taking part in it
Emic
within the culture where the project is situated
Six ethical principles
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity
Nonmaleficence
do no harm to clients
Beneficence
do only good be proactive on clients behalf
Fidelity
facilitating trust keeping your word and fulfilling any obligations made to clients
Autonomy
respect for clients rights to make their own decisions even if a counselor does not agree or believe it is in their best interest
Justice
fairness or non discrimination of clients so they receive equal treatment
Veracity
Truthfulness in counseling
Yalom’s Curative Factors
Instillation of hope;
Universality;
Imparting information;
Altruism;
Corrective family recapitulation;
Development of socialization techniques;
Interpersonal learning;
Imitative behavior;
cohesiveness;
Catharsis;
Existential factors
Yalom group life cycle
Orientation > Conflict > Cohesion > Termination
Corey group life cycle
Orientation and exploration > Transition > Working > Consolidation and termination
Tuckman group life cycle
Forming > Norming > Storming > Performing > Adjourning
Group Stage 1: Orientation, forming, norming
Foundation of the group: Trust Tasks: Inclusion and identity, Experiences of group members: Anxious, insecure, tentative
Group Stage 2: Conflict, storming, transition
Sense of becoming real, Anxiety and defensiveness peaks, Conflicts are inevitable (Protectiveness, Recapitulation, Power dynamics
Group Stage 3: Cohesion, Performing, Working Characteristics
Trust & cohesion Willingness to take risks and show self to others Free and direct interaction Here-and-now communication Non-judgmental confrontation occurs Members feel hopeful that they can change
Stage 4: Consolidation, adjourning, termination
Complete unfinished business, Examine relationships with leader and other members, Reinforce changes of each member, Help members generalize changes
Classical conditioning theorists:
Pavlov, Watson, Wolpe
Operant conditioning theorists:
Skinner, Thorndike
Social learning theorists
Bandura, Rotter
Crystallized intelligence (Cattell)
your stored knowledge, accumulated over the years
fluid intelligence (Cattell)
your ability to process new information, learn, and solve problems
Piaget’s core ideas
Schema, Disequilibrium (something happens) return to equilibrium through Assimilation (no change to schema) or Accommodation (change to schema)
Freud’s structure of personality
Id (pleasure principle) Ego (reality principle) Superego (internalized parent)
Erikson: Psychosocial Theory
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
Lovinger: Ego Development Theory
Pre-social Self-differentiation from world
Symbiotic Self-differentiation from other people
Self-protective Affirm separate identity, can be demanding
Conformist obey group rules, strive for family acceptance
Self-awareness, self-conscious Strive for stability and maturity
Conscientious Internalize rules and morality
Individualistic Strive for individuality, awareness of inner conflicts
Autonomous Strive for self-fulfillment, cope with inner conflicts
Integrated Consolidated identity; accept inner conflicts as part of self
Kubler-Ross: Stages of Grief
Shock and Denial
Anger
Bargaining and guilt
Hopelessness and depression
Acceptance
Kohlberg: Moral Development
Level I: Preconventional
-Stage1: Obedience and
punishment (survival of fittest)
-Stage 2: Instrumental hedonism
(satisfying own needs)
Level II: Conventional
-Stage 3: “Good boy, good girl”
(seeking approval)
-Stage 4: Law and order (following
rules without question)
Level III: Postconventional
-Stage 5: Social/moral contract and
system of laws (democratic)
-Stage 6: Universal ethical principles
(respect = end, not means)
Freud psychosexual stages
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
Initiative vs guilt
industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs despair
Psychoanalysis
Freud
Ego Psychology
Hartmann
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Stack Sullivan
Object Relations
Kernberg, Winnicott, Mahler, Klein
Self-Psychology
Kohut
Jungian
Carl Jung
Gestalt
(Fritz and Laura Perls)
Existential Therapy
Frankl, May, Yalom
Person-Centered
Rogers, Carkhuff
Social Learning
Bandura
Reality
Glasser
Cognitive
Beck
Rational-Emotive Behavior
Ellis
Cognitive-behavior Modification
Meichenbaum
EMDR
Shapiro
Transactional analysis
Berne
Basic counseling micro skills
Attending
Minimal encouragers
Open and closed questions Reflections of content, feeling, meaning
Paraphrasing and summarizing Confrontation
Interpretation
Immediacy
Self-disclosure
Feedback and the use of “I statements”
Psychoeducation
What is Ellis’ ABC Model
Activating Event > Beliefs > Consequences EB > Disputation of IBs > Effective new beliefs and Consequences EB >
Wubbolding’s Reality therapy WDEP system
Compare action to goals useing
Wants, Direction and Doing, Evaluation, Planning
Standard error of measurement (SEM)
Standard deviation of a person’s repeated test scores
Woodcock-Johnson
Measures grade level competency used primarily for achievement rather than intelligence
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Stanford-Binet Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT-2)
Measures intelligence
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Millon Inventories
Measures broad range of psychopathology
Caliper Personality Inventory (CPI),
Cattell 16 Personality Factors (16PF),
NEO personality inventory (NEO PI)
Measures healthy personality
Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Measures unconscious motives
Porteous Maze, Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Tests
Nonverbal performance
Intelligence
Measures IQ, also known as mental ability - WAIS, WISC, Stanford Binet, Slosson
Aptitude
Measures potential ability to acquire knowledge/skills
SAT, ACT, GRE, MAT, MCAT, LSAT
Achievement
Measures knowledge and skills related to certain content areas-
Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), Kauffman,
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT),
Woodcock-Johnson
Type I error
reject null when true
false positive
Type II Error
accept null when false
false negative
social sciences significance
p or probabilty is less than .05
Career Development Theories
Super’s major stages of
life career rainbow
- Growth (ages 5 10)
- Exploration (ages 10 22)
- Establishment (ages 22 40)
- Maintenance (ages 40 65)
- Decline (ages 65+)
Super’s life roles
child
student
homemaker/parent
worker
citizen
leisurite
pensionier
Holland’s RIASEC model
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
