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CQ3 Flashcards

1
Q

Motion

A

Application of linear motion, velocity, speed, acceleration, momentum in movement and performance context

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2
Q

Types of motion

A

Linear
Angular
General
Projectile.

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3
Q

Linear motion

A

When human body, limb or an object propelled by a human moves in the same direction at the same speed over the same distance (running)

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4
Q

Rectilinear motion

A

Movement in straight line

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5
Q

Curvilinear motion

A

Curved path movement

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6
Q

Angular motion

A

When human body, limb or an object moves along a circular path about some fixed point- sane time, direction and angle
Gymnast rotation around high bar

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7
Q

General motion

A

Combination of angular and linear
Common in athletics events
Golf swing head remains still but arms hips and chest move

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8
Q

Projectile motion.

A

Path of any object moving through air under own influence and does not have any kind of propulsion system
Figure skater

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9
Q

Distance

A

Linear distance
Is distance measured in s straight line
100m track linear distance b/w start and finish
S=d/t

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10
Q

Displacement

A

Measured by the length of a line drawn b/w start and finish points
Can be 0

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11
Q

Velocity

A

Measures the displacement of the body

V=displacement/time

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12
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate at which an objects velocity changes over time
A= V2-V1/ time

V1= initial velocity 
V2= final velocity
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13
Q

Momentum

A

The quality of motion that a body possesses

Mass(kg) X velocity
= (k.m/s)

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14
Q

Factors that affect momentum

A

Velocity: faster velocity, greater momentum
Mass difference: heavier object, travelling at same speed as lighter object, greater the momentum
Elasticity of body/ object: soft body tissue ( muscles, tendons, ligaments) absorbs much of the impact- acts as a cushion
Evasive skills: ….

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15
Q

Linear momentum

A

Objects travelling in a Straight line

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16
Q

Angular momentum

A

Objects as a result of rotation
Golf swing
Gymnast on bars

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17
Q

What affects angular momentum

A
  • angular velocity- distance we hit s golf ball is determined by the speed at which we can move the golf club head
  • mass of the object- greater mass, more effort needed to increase angular velocity
  • location of the mass in respect to axis of rotation- usually where player is able to have control and impart considerable speed (baseball bat)
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18
Q

Stability

A

The resistance of a body to change in its equilibrium

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19
Q

Two types of balance

A

Body at rest/not moving- static balance

Body is moving- dynamic balance

20
Q

Centre of gravity

A

The place where the whole forces are concentrated to a single point

Ie where all the weight is evenly distributed and object is balanced

21
Q

Base of support

A

Region bounded by the body parts in contact with a surface

22
Q

Fluid mechanics

A

Forces that operate in water and air environments

23
Q

Two forces in water environment

A

Buoyant force

Drag force

24
Q

Drag force

A

Resistance

Acts against a body as it moves through a fluid environment

25
Lift force
Hydrodynamic force | Occurs perpendicular to the flow of the water over the body when swimming
26
Magnus effect
Occurs when a spinning object creates a whirlpool of rotating air or liquid around it
27
Force
Push pull blow impact
28
Forces act on a body
Gravity- external always present Muscular contraction Friction resistance Air resistance
29
Internal forces
Within the body | Muscular contractions- muscles contract to exert a force on bones, cartilage or ligaments around a joint
30
External forces
Outside the body | Gravity, friction, contact with the ground or another body, air resistance , fluid resistance
31
Four common properties of forces
.Magnitude- amount .Direction- angle force is applied .Point of application- specific point force is applied to body .Line of action- straight line through the point of application in direction that force is acting
32
How the body applies force
Newtons 1st law: (inertia) an object will remain in its current state of motion unless acted upon by a force Newtons 2nd law: (acceleration) greater the mass of an object the greater the force required to change its state of motion Force= mass X acceleration Newtons 3rd law: (action-reaction) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
33
Applied forces
Forces generated by muscles working on joints applied to surfaces Running track
34
Reaction forces
Equal and opposite forces exerted in response to applied forces
35
Contact force
Forces that involve actions exerted by one object in direct contact with another
36
Summation of forces
Force produced during the movement of one body segment will be added to the force produced by the next body segment and so on until action results Long jumper
37
Summation Of force us influenced by
Number of body parts used in the mov Order and timing of their involvement Force and velocity generated Way in which body parts are stabilised for other body parts to act upon
38
How the body absorbs force
Through joints which bend or flex in response to the impact
39
Propulsive force
External force that acts to cause motion in a body
40
Resistive force
Acts to resist the movement caused by the propulsive force
41
How the body absorbs forces during landing of long jump
When body lands on surface, the surface applies a force back on the body (newtons 3rd law)
42
Precautions that can be taken to Lessen impact and create a safer collision
- use a larger surface area when landing w/ two feet apart hip width - keep distance between impacting objects eg avoid running into players - Land on bigger heavier body parts - regulate the position of centre of gravity (stable and low) - materials other than body parts( catching mits)
43
Forces absorbed in rebound of basketball
Using the arms and a wider base of stability to weaken the forces acting on the body and bending the knees to absorb the force of gravity
44
Forces absorbed by wicket keeper from cricket ball bowled really fast
Comfortable cup with the hands will assist force absorption. A good extension of the arms is crucial to allow the force to be absorbed by bending the elbows, force is passed from the hands through the elbows to the body
45
How water polo player is able to raise out of water using eggbeater kick
Hydrodynamic lift force is created as the swimmers legs are alternately circled under the water, this creates a pressure difference between the top and bottom of the leg and foot. High pressure flow above the foot and lower pressure of water flow below the foot acts to push the athlete upwards
46
Biomechanics
Concerned with the internal and external forces that act on the body and the movements that these forces produce

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