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Pdhpe > Core 2: CQ1 > Flashcards

Core 2: CQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column

A 
Cervical vertebrae 
Thoracic vertebrate 
Lumbar 
Sacrum
Coccyx
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2
Q

Major bone types

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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3
Q

Long bone examples

A 
Shaped to absorb shock and distribute pressure 
Radius 
Ulna
Metacarpals 
Phalanges
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4
Q

Short bones examples

A

Carpals

Tarsals

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5
Q

Flat bones examples

A

Scapula

Cranium

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6
Q

Irregular bone examples

A

Patella

Vertebrae

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7
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Small bones embedded in tendons where pressure develops

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8
Q

Sutures bones or Wormiam bones

A

Small bones located between the joints of some cranial bones

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9
Q

Articulate

A

Unite or join

Tibia and femur articulate at the knee joint

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10
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing erect

Facing front on and palms facing forward

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11
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

Chest is superior to the hips

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the feet

The foot is inferior to the patella

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13
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

Breast on anterior chest wall

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14
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

Vertebrae is posterior to the heart

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15
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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16
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

17
Q

Proximal

A

Towards body’s mass

Shoulder is proximal to the elbow

18
Q

Distal

A

Away from the body’s mass

Wrist is distal to elbow

19
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Provides a central support axis

Skull cranium mandible vertebrae sternum ribs

20
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle

21
Q

Joint actions pairs

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation 
Supination
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Dorsiflexion
Planterflexion
Inversion
Eversion
22
Q

Unpaired joint actions

A

Rotation
Hyper extension
Circumduction

23
Q

Structure and function of synovial joints

A

Joints are the weakest part but still provide great great resistance to any forces trying to push the bones out of alignment

24
Q

Joint types

A

Fibrous- bones have no joint cavity and they are held together by strong connective tissue

Cartilaginous- bones have no joint cavity, held together by ligaments by cartilage (vertebrae)

Synovial- bones have a joint cavity, held together by ligaments and separated by synovial fluid in the joint cavity (skull)

25
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secretion that lubricates and nourishes the articulating cartilage and removes waste products - helps to keep moving surfaces apart
Forms a cushion b/w bones

26
Q

Bursa

A

Small sac containing synovial fluid, located at friction sites b/w bones and tendons

27
Q

Tendons

A

Inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone

Joints are further strengthened by muscle tendons that extend across the joint and assist ligament to hold joint closed

28
Q

Ligaments

A

Defined fibrous bonds that connect articulating bones
Are designed to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movement, but can also control the degree and direction of movement that occurs

29
Q

Synovial joints

A

Gliding- b/w carpals and tarsals
Hinge- elbow and knee joints
Pivot- neck, proximal end of radius and ulna
Ellipsoid(condyloid)- metacarpals and phalanges
Saddle- b/w carpal and metacarpal of thumb
Ball and socket- shoulder and hip bone

30
Q

Larynx

A

Air passes over the larynx and down the trachea

31
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe; cartilage- reinforced tube extending from larynx to bronchi

32
Q

Lung

A

Organ specialised for the exchange of gases between the blood and the atmosphere

33
Q

Bronchiole

A

A thin walled branch of a bronchus

34
Q

Bronchus

A

One of the two primary divisions of the trachea that leads to the lungs

35
Q

Alveoli

A

Clusters of air sacs that are the site of gas exchange for the human body

36
Q

Inspiration breathing

A

Diaphragm contracts and flattens as external inter costal muscles ( between the ribs) lift the ribs outward and upwards

37
Q

Expiration breathing

A

Diaphragm relaxes and moved upwards as intercostal muscles allows the ribs and other structures to return to their resting positions

38
Q

Why lung function increases when physical activity intensity increases

A

Increased demand for oxygen because of the working muscles

Increased production of waste/ by products to be removed

39
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

Support- provide a framework for the body

Protection- of vital organs

Movement- muscles contract and pull on bones and produce movement

Storage of energy
Mineral storage- calcium and phosphorus- released when needed

Pdhpe (7 decks)

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