CPT to learn Flashcards
general treatment for sickness
ondasteron (5HT3 inhibitor)
Cylizine (H2 receptor antagonist)
dexamethasone (corticosteroid)
general treatment for sickness in pregnancy caused by hCG (hyperemesis gravidarum)
promethazine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
patients who use metformin need
good renal function
DDI
- ACEi (drugs which impair renal function)
- Diuretics (drugs which impair renal function)
- NSAIDs (drugs which impair renal function)
- Loop and thiazide like diuretics which increase glucose so can reduce metformin action
types of B cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Follicular lymphoma
difference between X-rays in RA and OA
RA
- reduced joint space
- juxta artciular osteolytic lesions
- soft tissue damage
- deformity
OA
- osteophytes
- reduced joint space
- sclerotic lesions
- bony spurs
how to diagnose lupus with acronymn
A RASH POINTS

name the antiplatelet classes
Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
ADP receptor antagonists
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
active form of aspirin
hepatic hydrolysis to salicylic acid (active form)
MOA of ADP receptor antagonist prasrugel
- ADP receptor antagonist- inhibits binding of ADP to P2Y12 receptor
- Inhibiting activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors (independent of COX pathway)
CYP inhibitors
omeprazole (PPI)
ciprofloxacin (abx)
erythromycin (abx)
some SSRIs e.g. fluoxetine
grapefruit juie
amiodarone
disulfarim
CYP inducers
phenytoin
carbamazepine
rifampicin
smoking
barbituates
sulphyureas
Mode of action: Dipyridamole
- Inhibits cellular reuptake of adenosine–> increased plasma [adenosine] –> inhibits platelet aggregation via adenosine (A2) receptors
- Also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which prevents cAMP degradation –> inhibits expression of GP IIb/IIIa
- inhibits activation of platelets
abcximab MOA
- Blocks binding of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (vWF)Abciximab= antibody- blocks GPIIb/IIIa receptors >80% reduction in aggregation – bleeding risk
- IV admin
- Target final common pathway- more complete platelet aggregation
classes of lipid lowering drugs
statins
fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)
cholesterol absorption inhibitors
PCSK9 inhibitors
Drug-drug interaction: Fenofibrate
warfarin- can increase the effects - bleeding
Mode of action: Fenofibrate (fibric acid dervivative)
Activation of nuclear TF such as PPARα (peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor)
PPARα regulates expression of genes that control lipoprotein metabolism- increase production of lipoprotein lipase
- increase TAG from lipoprotein in plasma (lipolysis)
- increase fatty acid uptake by the liver
- increase HDL levels
- increase LDL affinity for receptor
mode of action of cholesterol absoprtion inhibitors (Ezetimibe)
- inhibits NPC1L1 transporter at brush border
- reducing absorption of cholesterol by gut by 50%
- hepatic LDL receptor expression increase
- decrease in total cholesterol
PCSK9 inhibitors mode of action
- LDLR on the liver cell surface binds to LDL and the LDLR–LDL complex is then internalized, after which the LDLR is normally recycled back to the cell surface
- PCSK9 binds to the LDLR on the surface of the hepatocyte, leading to the internalization and degradation of the LDLR in the lysosomes, and reducing the number of LDLRs on the cell surface.
- Inhibition of secreted PCSK9 by PCSK9 inhibitors therefore increases the number of available LDLRs on the cell surface and increase uptake of LDL‐C into the cell.
- lowering LDL in plasma
main hypertension medication with example drug
ACEi (ramipril)
ARB (losartan and candesartan)
CCB
- dihydropyridine (nifedipine and amlodopine
-
non dihydropyridine
- phenylalkaline (veramapil)
- benzothiazepine (diltiazem)
Thiazide (bendroflumethiazide)and thiazide like diuretics (indapamide)
which antihypertensives should never be prescribed together
B blocker and Non-dihydropyridine CCBs
(verapamil and diltiazem- asystole!!)
name a drug under the drug class CA inhibitors
Acetazolamide
Diuretic delivery to renal tubule and disease: liver disease
- Gut oedema- reduces absorption or oral diuretic
- Reduced albumin- furosemide needs to be bound to albumin to be delivered to the kidneys
- Bound to albumin so not filtered
- Actively transported into PCT lumen via Organic Anion Transporter with albumin










