CPT Section 3 Flashcards
Human movement system (HMS)
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Kinetic chain
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.
Nervous system
A network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body.
Neuron
Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system.
The four primary electrolytes involved in this process are
sodium, potassium, magnesium, and water. Adequate levels of electrolytes must be maintained to produce proper nerve function
cell body of a neuron contains a
nucleus and other organelles, such as mitochondria, an Axon which sends signals to the brain, and Dendrites which gathers info from other effector sites like muscles and organs.
Nucleus
Cellular structure or organelle that contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
Organelles
Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell. Examples include nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
Mitochondria
The parts of the cell that use nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Effector sites
A part of the body, such as a muscle or organ, that receives a signal from a neuron to produce a physiological response.
Electrolytes
Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Central nervous system (CNS)
A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.
Afferent pathway
Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system
Interneurons are
only located within the spinal cord and the brain. They transmit impulses between the afferent and efferent neurons
Mechanoreceptors
Specialized structures that respond
to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves.
Somatic nervous system
Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.
Autonomic nervous system
A division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body (e.g., circulating blood, digesting food, producing hormones).
The autonomic system is then further subdivided into the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Three primary functions of the nervous system include
sensory, integrative, and motor functions
Sensory function is the ability of the nervous system to
sense changes in either the internal or external environment
proprioception, which is the body’s ability to naturally sense its
general orientation and the relative position of all its parts
Sympathetic nervous system
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state.