CPT section 2 Flashcards
Adherence
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
Psychology
An area of science that focuses on people, and in particular, how the mind and feelings may influence behaviors.
Motivation
The intensity and direction of someone’s effort to participate in an activity or engage in a behavior.
Amotivation
Describes when someone is not motivated to engage in an activity or behavior.
Socioeconomic
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.
Extrinsic motivation
When someone participates in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others.
Intrinsic motivation
When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction.
What is one of the most important things about psychology and its relationship with fitness and wellness?
A
The role it plays in successful weight loss
B
The role it plays in the behavioral change process
C
The need for personal trainers to possess education in the field of psychology
D
The ability to use a client’s personality traits to manipulate the outcome of exercise
b
Generally speaking, what does psychology influence regarding fitness and wellness on any given day?
A
The decision to be happy or sad
B
The decision to hire a personal trainer or not
C
The decision to make nutritional choices or not
D
The decision to be physically active or not
d
Outcome goals
Goals focused on the end result.
Process goals
Refers to the process of goal pursuit.
Social support
The intentional ways that people assist others in achieving a specific behavior.
Social physique anxiety
A specific form of anxiety that occurs in individuals who perceive that others could be negatively evaluating their physique
what type of anxiety makes these statments: I’ll start working out when I lose a little weight.
I would work out, but I don’t have anything comfortable to wear.
I feel self-conscious working out in front of people.
I feel like everyone is staring at me.
Social Physique anxiety
Ambivalence
Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation.
Instrumental support
The actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen. In the context of exercise, instrumental support can include driving a person to a health club or paying for the gym membership
Which of the following is a top barrier to exercise, evident among adults of all ages?
A
Lack of time
B
Muscle or bone weaknesses
C
Negative self-perception
D
Lack of transportation
a
Instrumental support
Providing transportation to a fitness facility, Paying for someone’s gym membership
Empathy
The ability to identify with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts.
Components or leadership
Leadership Qualities, Leadership styles, Situational Factos, Followers Qualities
Benefits for group Group Excercise
Accountability, Comparison, Competition, Comradery, Consistency, Energy, Intensity, Mindless, Motivation, Sociability
What does the term companionship support refer to?
A
Having a dependency on support from a companion
B
Providing accurate, current information to another individual
C
Engaging in a behavior with another individual
D
Identifying with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts
c
Mood compared to emotion
refers to how someone feels; it is considered a more long-term state of mind, unlike emotion, which is a short-term reaction to a situation
Self-esteem
The way someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially.
Body image
The way someone views their physical self or visualizes their body.
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder in which a person’s breathing repeatedly stops and starts, which disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle.
Which of the following is our most restorative tool?
A
Food
B
Sleep
C
Exercise
D
Massage
b
The impact that family members, peers, or coworkers have over someone’s decision to exercise describes which of the following terms?
Societal influence
Peer pressure
Health influence
Group influence
Group Influence
Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership?
Follower’s qualities
Leadership styles
Leader’s qualities
Situational factors
Situational Factors
A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting?
Establish short- and long-term goals.
Create a plan for overcoming barriers.
Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
Start establishing an emotional support system.
Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship?
Reciprocal
Autonomous
Unequal
Independent
Reciprocal
The number of sidewalks available in a community is an example of which of the following?
The manufactured environment
The built environment
The assembled environment
The constructed environment
B
When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following?
Amotivation to exercise
A barrier to exercise
Ambivalence toward exercise
An influence on exercise
B
Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?
The community
Exercise group
Family
Exercise leader
Family
Autonomy
Autonomy
Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave
What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action?
Self-monitoring
Guided practice
Coping plan
Implementation intention
D
Third space
A communal space, separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others.
Behavior change techniques (BCTs)
Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior.
Ambivalence
Ambivalence
Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation.
Determinants of behavior
Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior.
Autonomous motivation
When motives for exercise relate to valuing the outcome, when exercise is consistent with the client’s identity, or when the client enjoys exercise.
Which of the following is one of the strongest determinants of physical activity in adults?
A
Attitude
B
Intention
C
Self-efficacy
D
Autonomous motivation
C
stages of change
Precontemplation stage, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
Decisional balance
Reflects the clients’ weighing of the pros and cons of changing.
Stages of change
Questions Client Answers No Client Answers Yes
1 Have you been routinely exercising for more than 6 months? ↓ Go to next question Maintenance stage
2 Have you been routinely exercising for less than 6 months? ↓ Go to next question Action stage
3 Are you making set plans to begin an exercise program within the next 6 months? ↓ Go to next question Preparation stage
4 Do you think you need to increase the amount you exercise? ↓↓↓↓↓↓ Contemplation stage
Precontemplation stage*
Motivational interviewing
Client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.
Self-discrepancy
An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self.
Sustain talk
Talk that represents and predicts movement away from change.
What is the defining feature of the contemplation phase?
A
Attitude
B
Ambivalence
C
Self-discrepancy
D
Motivational interviewing
b
am·biv·a·lence
the state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
Process goals
Tasks that are pursued to reach a final outcome.
Implementation intentions
behavior change technique that links a goal-directed response to situational cues by specifying when, where, and how to act.
positive Self-talk
is a form of encouraging and motivating internal dialogue that increases self-efficacy.
Reverse listing
Reverse listing is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements
Stopping
technique of saying “stop” out loud when undesired negative thought patterns are identified.
Cognitive fusion
occurs when people believe the exact content of their own thoughts and can be problematic with negative self-talk.
What do the health benefits of exercise depend on?
A
A sound nutrition plan
B
A modern training facility
C
A long-term commitment
D
A history of training experience
c (Sounds like a sale lol)
What is another term for vague goals?
A
Subjective goals
B
Lofty goals
C
Objective goals
D
Short-term goals
a
At what point should a client’s first exercise program be designed?
A
Prior to the initial consultation
B
During the initial consultation
C
After the initial consultation
D
After the first paid training session
c
Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior?
Outcome expectations
Action self-efficacy
Planning
Subjective norms
c
The impact that family members, peers, or coworkers have over someone’s decision to exercise describes which of the following terms?
Peer pressure
Societal influence
Health influence
Group influence
d
Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance?
What might work for you?
If you decided to make a change, what might you do?
What might you want to change?
What makes you think you are not at risk?
d
Which type of professionals are qualified to counsel individuals who are diagnosed with depression, using exercise as a supplemental treatment?
Corrective exercise specialist or certified exercise physiologist
Registered dietitian or nutritionist
Psychologist or psychiatrist
Certified Personal Trainer or certified fitness professional
c
A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her?
Extrinsic motivation
Affiliation motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Autonomy motivation
a
Social support is best described by which statement?
Posting on social media about the recent successes of clients
Providing counseling sessions with clients who exhibit signs of depression
The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior
Rearranging a schedule to accommodate a client’s availability
c
The role of psychology in fitness and wellness is strongly rooted in which area?
Depression
Social physique anxiety
Behavioral change
Eating disorders
c
Which of the following is true about body image?
Body image is measured accurately based on an individual evaluating a picture of themselves.
Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.
Body image is more positive in individuals who regularly exercise in a group setting.
Body image is a very stable variable and, once established, rarely changes for an individual.
What might a Certified Personal Trainer do for someone in the precontemplation stage of change?
Help them identify barriers to exercise
Tell them to exercise with a friend
Encourage them to make plans to exercise
Provide them with education and knowledge
d
Which scenario best demonstrates companionship support?
Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities
Creating handouts for clients that cover topics about fitness and wellness
Making time to talk to clients about how their exercise program is going
Taking someone shopping to purchase attire for exercise
a
Unrealistic goals can become a barrier when which of the following happens?
When goals are not adjusted
When process goals are too specific
When only one goal is set
When outcome goals are objective
a
When it comes to barriers to exercise, which statement is correct?
All individuals have “lack of time” as a barrier.
Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.
Barriers never change; therefore, individuals need to focus on motives.
It is impossible to ever fully overcome all barriers.
b
Long-term exercise adherence is associated with which type of motivation?
Amotivation
Incentive motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
d
Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership?
Leadership styles
Leader’s qualities
Situational factors
Follower’s qualities
c
Which subtopic of psychology deals with how the environment affects exercise behavior?
Developmental psychology
Health psychology
Social psychology
Sport and exercise psychology
d
Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?
Emotional support
Instrumental support
Companionship support
Informational support
b
