CPT Section 1 Flashcards
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Evidence-based practice
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
Musculoskeletal system
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
Deconditioned
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Muscle Imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Joint Stability
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
What does the term evidence-based practice refer to?
A
A subjective decision-making model
B
A systematic training and development model of certification
C
The use of anecdotal data
D
The conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care
d
what are the phases of the opt model? 1-5
Stabilization endurance, strength endurance, muscular dev, maximal strength, power
what is the WHO do
The World Health Organization (WHO) functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations and is focused on the development and promotion of international public health and well-being efforts. The WHO can be thought of as the world’s public health department. The WHO (1948) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Socioeconomic status
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation
Morbidity
The state of having a disease.
Morality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
Spectrum of health
Positive health, better health, freedom from sickness, (Line to unhealthy) unrecognized sickness, mild sickness, severe sickness, death
Definition of disease
any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.
what is a systemic Disease
affecting every part of the body (i.e., various forms of cancer)
Two types of disease
Chronic or noncommunicable (Non contagious)(def: tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes). and Acute disease (accounts for conditions like getting sick from the flu virus,)
leading causes of death?
Coronary artery disease, a specific type of heart disease
What chronic disease’s are the leading cause of death and disability?
heart disease, cancer, and diabetes
Annual healthcare costs in the United States?
$3 trillion and growing. Furthermore, 90% of the nation’s healthcare expenditures are applied toward treating individuals with chronic and mental health conditions.
Risk Factors
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
global economic loss from Chronic Disease’s
47 trill by 2030
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
overweight and obesity Def
a body weight that is greater than what is considered normal or healthy. In both cases, an individual is carrying excess body fat that may negatively impact their health; however, obesity is more severe and has numerous significant health risks associated with it.
BMI
Body Mass Index- which is a simple comparison of a person’s height to their weight. It is calculated by either dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of the person’s height in meters or dividing body weight in pounds by the square of the height in inches and multiplying by 703.
Metric formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2
Imperial formula: BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2
what is Cardiovascular disease?
a broad term describing numerous problems of the heart and blood vessels and includes conditions such as strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, heart valve problems, and arrhythmias. The most common root cause of these conditions is ischemic heart disease
Heart Attack?
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.
Stroke?
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart Failure?
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Heart valve problem?
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Arrhythmia?
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Ischemic heart disease?
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis?
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow. caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol or drugs, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, chronic stress, and poor diet.
Ischemic heart disease?
narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart, and is what is most commonly being referred to when discussing heart disease.
Whats the most common form of heart disease?
Atherosclerosis is the most common type of heart disease that can directly result in heart attacks and strokes.caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol or drugs, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, chronic stress, and poor diet.
does Exercise also promotes positive physiological changes, such as encouraging the heart’s arteries to dilate (i.e., open) more readily, which improves blood flow (Bruning & Sturek, 2015)?
yes
Physical activity
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
Blood pressure examples
Blood pressure is classified as follows:
Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg
Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg
Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher
Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg (Whelton et al., 2018)
“good cholesterol”
HDL cholesterol does not have the tendency to clog arteries like LDL cholesterol does and, in fact, actually helps remove some LDL cholesterol from the body.
