CPT Section 1 Flashcards
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Evidence-based practice
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
Musculoskeletal system
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
Deconditioned
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Muscle Imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Joint Stability
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
What does the term evidence-based practice refer to?
A
A subjective decision-making model
B
A systematic training and development model of certification
C
The use of anecdotal data
D
The conscientious use of current research in making decisions about client care
d
what are the phases of the opt model? 1-5
Stabilization endurance, strength endurance, muscular dev, maximal strength, power
what is the WHO do
The World Health Organization (WHO) functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations and is focused on the development and promotion of international public health and well-being efforts. The WHO can be thought of as the world’s public health department. The WHO (1948) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Socioeconomic status
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation
Morbidity
The state of having a disease.
Morality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
Spectrum of health
Positive health, better health, freedom from sickness, (Line to unhealthy) unrecognized sickness, mild sickness, severe sickness, death
Definition of disease
any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.
what is a systemic Disease
affecting every part of the body (i.e., various forms of cancer)
Two types of disease
Chronic or noncommunicable (Non contagious)(def: tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes). and Acute disease (accounts for conditions like getting sick from the flu virus,)
leading causes of death?
Coronary artery disease, a specific type of heart disease
What chronic disease’s are the leading cause of death and disability?
heart disease, cancer, and diabetes
Annual healthcare costs in the United States?
$3 trillion and growing. Furthermore, 90% of the nation’s healthcare expenditures are applied toward treating individuals with chronic and mental health conditions.
Risk Factors
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
global economic loss from Chronic Disease’s
47 trill by 2030
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
overweight and obesity Def
a body weight that is greater than what is considered normal or healthy. In both cases, an individual is carrying excess body fat that may negatively impact their health; however, obesity is more severe and has numerous significant health risks associated with it.
BMI
Body Mass Index- which is a simple comparison of a person’s height to their weight. It is calculated by either dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of the person’s height in meters or dividing body weight in pounds by the square of the height in inches and multiplying by 703.
Metric formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2
Imperial formula: BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2
what is Cardiovascular disease?
a broad term describing numerous problems of the heart and blood vessels and includes conditions such as strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, heart valve problems, and arrhythmias. The most common root cause of these conditions is ischemic heart disease
Heart Attack?
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.
Stroke?
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart Failure?
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Heart valve problem?
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Arrhythmia?
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Ischemic heart disease?
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis?
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow. caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol or drugs, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, chronic stress, and poor diet.
Ischemic heart disease?
narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart, and is what is most commonly being referred to when discussing heart disease.
Whats the most common form of heart disease?
Atherosclerosis is the most common type of heart disease that can directly result in heart attacks and strokes.caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol or drugs, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, chronic stress, and poor diet.
does Exercise also promotes positive physiological changes, such as encouraging the heart’s arteries to dilate (i.e., open) more readily, which improves blood flow (Bruning & Sturek, 2015)?
yes
Physical activity
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
Blood pressure examples
Blood pressure is classified as follows:
Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg
Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg
Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher
Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg (Whelton et al., 2018)
“good cholesterol”
HDL cholesterol does not have the tendency to clog arteries like LDL cholesterol does and, in fact, actually helps remove some LDL cholesterol from the body.
“bad cholesterol”
LDL cholestero tends to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Nelson, 2013). LDLs, specifically, are the form of cholesterol that makes up the plaque that clogs arteries.
Cholesterol
waxy substance found in blood that is made up of a combination of protein and fatty acids, known as a lipoprotein.
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein. issues metabolzing specifically glucose
Glucose
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
Insulin resistance
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.
Cancer
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Diabetes type1
the pancreas does not make enough insulin (or none at all), which is a hormone that helps transport glucose into cells to be used for energy.(Genetic)
Diabetes type2
the body still produces insulin; however, it is not used properly by the cells. When excess carbohydrates (specifically sugar) are chronically consumed in the diet. When excess insulin continually tries to deliver glucose to cells when they already have more than they can use, cells stop responding to it. This state is called insulin resistance.
Endorphins
A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.
Examples of COPD
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are examples
Is work related stress on the rise or decline
stress-related illnesses rising* in turn among all segments of the population (Fink, 2016). Constant unmanaged stress and anxiety is harmful to both the body and mind and may elevate the risk for chronic disease
What is, perhaps, the most challenging of the public health problems faced today?
A
Stroke
B
Atherosclerosis
C
Ischemic heart disease
D
Obesity, due to poor diet and physical inactivity
d
What is the most practical measurement of overweight and obesity?
A
BMI
B
DEXA scan
C
Hydrostatic weighing
D
Skinfold measurement
A
Which of the following is a waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells?
A
Visceral fat
B
Cholesterol
C
Triglycerides
D
Epithelial tissue
B
Skeletal muscle
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
Sprain
A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
Planter Fasciitis
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.
three of the most common knee injuries include…
patellar tendonitis, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears.
Patellar tendonitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear.
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
The lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
made up of the lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures and is commonly referred to as “the core.”
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.
whats scope of practice?
scope of practice represents all the things a given professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title.
Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity
anwser:
Maintain adequate liability insurance
anwser:
Store and dispose of client records in a secure manner
anwser:
Accept complete responsibility for one’s actions
anwser:
Professionalism, Business practice, Confidentiality, Legal and ethical
Which statement about lowering blood pressure is true?
Exercise can help control body weight, but it cannot improve blood flow.
Reducing excessive alcohol use will not have an impact on high blood pressure.
There is no direct evidence that exercise will result in lower blood pressure.
Planned exercise alone is typically insufficient for acutely lowering and controlling hypertension.
There is no direct evidence that exercise will result in lower blood pressure.
whats scope of practice for a CPT?
Certified Personal Trainers are fitness professionals who perform individualized assessments and design safe, effective, scientifically based, and individualized exercise and conditioning programs for clients who present with no medical or special needs, or who have been medically cleared for exercise.
Hypertension is categorized by a blood pressure greater than what measurement?
120/80 mm Hg
80/120 mm Hg
125/75 mm Hg
120/60 mm Hg
120/80 mm Hg
Types of health clubs
Low cost, Mid Market, Premium, and nonprofit
Employment Options for Independent Contractors
Studio or health club(Fitness professionals pay rent to use a facility as long as they have their own liability insurance), Traveling to client’s home, Online coaching, Organizational wellness(Employers may contract with a fitness professional to provide fitness classes to help employees stay healthy and disease free. This service will require liability insurance to use an employer’s facility.).
Operational Cost
The various monetary requirements associated with the day-to-day running of a business.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.
“training under the table”
form of theft when offer personal training services directly to other club members.
Adherence
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
What is the primary purpose of a professional certification?
A
To increase the compensation associated with specific job categories
B
To ensure systematic, consistent training for job candidates
C
To create a network of professional colleagues within specific professions
D
To ensure individuals can perform the tasks required by a specific job category
D
Master Instructor
Works directly with equipment companies or fitness education organizations to teach workshops that provide attendees with continuing education.
Which of the following is the most likely benefit of becoming a Certified Personal Trainer?
A
Set hours
B
Consistent pay
C
Guaranteed career advancement
D
The relatively low cost of starting a business
D
Prospect
An individual who has been identified as a potential client.
Great Customer service guildines
Accountability.Support.Feedback and guidance.Results.
Sales process
A system for learning about the needs of a potential client to be able to identify and present a number of solutions for those needs.
The most successful Certified Personal Trainers are those who can do which of the following?
A
Help clients achieve weight-loss goals
B
Travel to clients’ homes or offices
C
Design comprehensive nutritional programs for clients
D
Adapt to each client’s communication preferences and coaching needs
D
Open-ended questions
Nondirective questions that can’t be answered with a simple yes or no answer; they require critical thinking to formulate a response.
Sales PRocess Stages
Identifying a customer’s needs
Communicating solutions for their needs
Making the sale by asking for a financial commitment to solving their needs (Gitomer, 2015)
Ways prospects can be identified
Asking for referrals from existing clients,
Working the floor to meet as many facility members as possible and building rapport,
Obtaining warm leads provided by the member and/or sales department,
Answering inquiries from social media and other marketing streams
Working the floor
A rapport-building technique where fitness professionals walk around the gym floor talking to members without overtly presenting a sale.
Forecasting
A business management technique that helps predict how much work is needed to meet a revenue goal.
How are buying decisions primarily driven?
A
Financially
B
Statistically
C
Emotionally
D
Reputationally
c
Unique selling proposition (USP)
Highlighting unique skills or traits during a sales presentation that allow an individual to stand out from the competition.
SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis
A professional development technique that helps individuals identify their personal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities for growth, and potential threats to success.
What does the term unique selling proposition (USP) refer to?
A
A set of specific characteristics used to market or advertise a physical product
B
A discount offered for products or services purchased in specific quantities
C
A set of specific skills or traits that are highlighted during a sales presentation
D
A method of closing a sale using techniques specific to the potential client
c
What are the Four Ps of marketing?
A
Predict, prepare, plan, and perform
B
Product, price, promotion, and place
C
Promote, present, prevent, and preserve
D
Personality, perseverance, performance, and professionalism
b
ow often are NASM Certified Personal Trainers required to complete a specific amount of continuing education to keep their certification active and valid?
A
Semi-annually
B
Annually
C
Every 2 years
D
Every 3 years
c
At what rate does NASM award continuing education units?
A
0.1 per contact hour
B
0.5 per contact hour
C
1.0 per contact hour
D
1.5 per contact hour
a
For Certified Personal Trainers working for a commercial facility, what is frequently a benefit of completing continuing education?
A
Earning a higher pay rate
B
Working fewer hours
C
Instructing fellow personal trainers
D
Receiving early promotion to a management position
a
Jessica is looking to grow in her career as a personal trainer. Which employment option would offer her the best chance to provide mentorship to fitness professionals, use managerial skills, and respond directly to member needs when necessary?
Fitness manager
General manager
Strength and conditioning coach
Master instructor
Fitness manager
During an interview with the hiring manager at a large health club, Sarah, an NASM Certified Personal Trainer, is asked how she can contribute as a personal trainer even though she has no formal experience working in the field. What would be the most appropriate response?
Sarah mentions her experience training for figure competitions. She thinks that experience means that she can help clients train for their competitions.
Sarah discusses her experience as a high school athlete. Because she was a good athlete, she thinks she will be a good personal trainer.
Sarah discusses her previous work experience in a busy day care, where she had to multitask multiple times a day to perform her job duties. She thinks the multitasking helped prepare her for the demands of a busy fitness floor.
Sarah mentions her experience as a cashier at a snack bar. She thinks this demonstrates her ability to run a cash register and complete daily cash reports.
Sarah discusses her previous work experience in a busy day care, where she had to multitask multiple times a day to perform her job duties. She thinks the multitasking helped prepare her for the demands of a busy fitness floor.
Some clients may be interested in training for a figure competition, but a large majority of health club members or clients will have no interest in competing, so this is completely irrelevant to the job duties of a personal trainer.
For a Certified Personal Trainer, what would provide the most time-efficient option for increasing income potential?
Pursuing a degree in exercise science
Earning a massage therapy license to be able to offer massage treatments
Learning how to lead group training programs
Becoming a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to provide nutritional counseling
Learning how to lead group training programs
Which chronic disease is the leading cause of death in the world today?
Coronary artery disease
Cancer
Dementia
Diabetes
A
What is the purpose of a professional personal training certification?
To demonstrate that an individual is committed to the field of personal training
To ensure that individual job candidates can demonstrate the ability to perform the tasks required for this job category
To ensure gyms and health clubs follow rules established by OSHA
To abide by federal guidelines that require certification for fitness professionals
b
Which statement best describes the final stage of the sales process?
Making the sale by asking for a financial commitment to solving the customer’s needs
Communicating solutions for the customer’s needs
Asking for referrals
Identifying a customer’s needs
a
Using the healthcare continuum, how would training with a fitness professional be classified?
Preventive care
Behavioral health
Alternative medicine
Physical therapy
a
Which type of cholesterol tends to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
EDL (elevated-density lipoprotein)
MDL (medium-density lipoprotein)
HDL (high-density lipoprotein)
LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
d - HDL is sometimes referred to as “good cholesterol.” It helps to remove bad cholesterol from the body.
According to the NASM Code of Professional Conduct, for how long must a fitness professional maintain accurate financial, contract, appointment, and tax records?
4 years
Indefinitely
6 months
1 year
a
