CP - Place Studies

Question 1

Place meaning

Answer 1

The individual or collective perceptions of a place

Question 2

Media

Answer 2

Means of communication including film, television, radio and books

Question 3

Objective

Answer 3

Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts

Question 4

Primary data

Answer 4

The data collected by the researcher first-hand

Question 5

Provenance

Answer 5

The context in which a source or text is produced, which may give reasons for its purpose and reliability

Question 6

Qualitative data

Answer 6

Information that is non-numerical and is used in a relatively unstructured way. It is often descriptive information e.g artistic depictions and interviews

Question 7

Quantitative data

Answer 7

Data that can be quantified and verified, and can be statistically manipulated

Question 8

Reliable

Answer 8

Evaluating how accurate or useful a source is by comparing it to other sources and finding out its provenance

Question 9

Secondary data

Answer 9

Information from other sources that a researcher uses

Question 10

Subjective

Answer 10

Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions

Question 11

Geospatial data

Answer 11

Information that describes objects, events or other features with a location on or near the surface of the earth

Question 12

Counter-mapping

Answer 12

A process by which people produce their own maps, informed by their own local knowledge and understanding of the place. Includes factual information and portrays a sense of place

Question 13

Big data

Answer 13

Big data is large in terms of scale with a high number of responses, variety of data sets and the size of the population e.g the Index of Multiple Deprivation

Question 14

First space representations

Answer 14

The use of quantitative data to portray a place

Question 15

Second space representations

Answer 15

Use of qualitative data to portray a place

Question 16

Third space representations

Answer 16

Use of quantitative and qualitative data to portray a place

Question 17

Give some qualitative data examples

Answer 17

Interviews
Photographs
Poetry
Music
TV and film
Art

Question 18

Give some quantitative data examples

Answer 18

Statistics
—> Census, Index of Multiple Deprivation, house price data

Question 19

How is Harrogate represented by quantitative data?

Answer 19

IMD 2015-2019 - wealthy area as in 2019 St George’s Ward was in the top 10% of least deprived areas in the country

House price data - wealthy as average house price in HG2 postcode is £446,000, almost 2x the national average at £286,000 in 2023

Census 2011 and 2021 - lack of cultural diversity as in 2021 96.1% white British

Question 20

How is Harrogate represented by qualitative data?

Answer 20

Art - UCI event painting by Lucy Pittaway in 2019 - shows area as a idyllic town with iconic Betty’s tearoom and flowers in bloom

Newspaper article - national Stray Ferret newspaper published 30th May 2023 - implies Harrogate is a dangerous place to live due to crime with selling drugs

Map - town plan from ‘The Royal Atlas of England and Wales’ 1898 - shown as a town with a highly populated centre and surrounding areas of green space

Question 21

How is Brick Lane represented by quantitative data?

Answer 21

IMD 2010 and 2019 - shown as an area wit economic issues with Spittalfields and Banglatown Ward ranked most deprived LSOA in London in 2010. In 2019, the ward remains to be in the top 20% most deprived areas in the country

Census 2011 and 2021 - shown as an area with high cultural diversity as in 2011 41% of the population was Bangladeshi and 41.6% Muslim. In 2021, 47.6% Bangladeshi and 40% Muslim

Question 22

How is Brick Lane represented by qualitative data?

Answer 22

Poem - Sally Flood ‘The Brick Lane I See’ in the 1980s - shown as a cultural area but with many social problems. ‘Aromatic spices’ and ‘breeding ground for miscontent’

Street art - Stik 2010 ‘A couple hold hands in the street’ - shows cultural diversity and acceptance in the area as cartoon of a Muslim and white person holding hands, ranked number 17 in 2017 top favourite UK artworks ever

Counter-mapping - Adam Dant ‘A Map of Spittalfields Life’ 2011 - shows culture of the area with key landmarks such as curry houses and Jamme Masjid Mosque

REMEMBER - limitations as Brick Lane has undergone gentrification since 2011

Question 23

Conflict

Answer 23

A state of disagreement caused by the perceived or actual opposition of needs, values and interests between people

Question 24

Contested place

Answer 24

A place where tension or conflict has arisen due to the inability of different players to agree how it should be managed, used or represented

Question 25

What conflict has occurred in Brick lane?

Answer 25

Over the last 10-20 years, conflict between the Bangladeshi community and new incomers due to gentrification

Social housing companies are demolishing feasts and replacing them with more upmarket properties which are sold for profit. This pricing young members of the Bangladeshi community out of the Brick Lane area, therefore changing the economic, social and demographic characteristics. ‘It wont be Brick Lane anymore if they keep moving out’ (the Bangladeshi people)

Anti-gentrification protests occurred in 2015 with demonstrators throwing paint at the Cereal Killer Cafe (a cafe selling expensive cereals from around the world)

Question 26

What conflict has occurred in Harrogate?

Answer 26

Conflict between local residents and Harrogate Borough Council / housing developers in 1990s due to proposals to develop land in Crimple Valley

‘Save Crimple Valley Campaign’ created in early 1990s when proposals to construct developments e.g a supermarket and car park in southern fringe of Harrogate were created. Objection reasons included increased risk of flooding, use of a greenfield site, likely congestion and risk to wildlife

Actions of local people campaigning lead to a Government inspector removing the site from Council plans so was sucessful

Question 27

Demographic

Answer 27

To do with who lives in a place and what they are like e.g age, gender, ethnicity, population size

Question 28

Cultural

Answer 28

The cultural characteristics are to do with how people live their lives e.g customs, food, clothing, language and art

Question 29

How have flows of people caused demographic and cultural change in Harrogate?

Answer 29

Demographic
Free movement of labour laws as part of the European Union meant that there was migration of Eastern Europeans (particularly Polish people) into Harrogate in the late 2000s changing the ethnic mix

Cultural
More languages are being spoken with English courses now being offered

Question 30

How have flows of money and investment caused demographic change in Harrogate?

Answer 30

Demographic
Government policy to increase affordable housing has encouraged property developers to build more low cost housing and has cased conflict in proposed sites e.g 250 new homes in Pannel. This is likely to lead to a younger age profile and change the economic status of the area as well as increasing population size

Question 31

How have flows of ideas caused cultural change in Harrogate?

Answer 31

Cultural
Annual StrEat and family fun festival in the Valley Gardens bring international cuisine e.g Greek to local residents which can influence eating habits

Question 32

How have flows of resources caused demographic changes in Harrogate>?

Answer 32

New care home facilities and specialist dementia care units e.g in the outskirts of Pannel may bring older people into Harrogate and influence the age profile

Question 33

How have flows of people in Brick lane caused demographic and cultural change?

Answer 33

Demographic
Over time there have been many groups migrating into Brick Lane —> French Protestants, Irish, Jewish and Bangladeshi people

Cultural
Multi-ethnic community
More languages spoken
More religions causing land use changes e.g Jamme Masjid Mosque
Food - now famous for curry houses

Question 34

How have flows of money and investment caused demographic and cultural change in Brick Lane?

Answer 34

Demographic
Gentrification have caused some groups to be forced out of the area e.g young Bangladeshi community who cannot afford rent prices

Cultural
Businesses in the area are changing e.g curry houses closing and chains such as Pret A Manger moving in
‘It wont be Brick lane anymore if they (Bangladeshi people) keep moving out)

Question 35

How have flows of ideas caused cultural change in Brick Lane?

Answer 35

Cultural
Restaurants established by different migrants e.g bagel shop from Jewish culture and curry houses from Bangladeshi culture

Question 36

What is the additional example for the flow of ideas and resources on hanging a place?

Answer 36

Population Policy in Thailand
Cabbages and Condoms restaurant that encourages education and use of contraceptives so brith rate reduced (demographic) and more men take responsibility for contraception (cultural)

Question 37

What are the 3 external forces that drive change in places?

Answer 37

Government policy
Impacts of international / global institutions
Decisions of multinational corporations

Question 38

MNC (Multinational corporation)

Answer 38

A company which operates in a range of countries. Generally the headquarters, research and sales are in a HIC while manufacturing is in a LIC

Question 39

How have government policies impacted the character of Brick Lane ?

Answer 39

After the Second World War, the government encouraged immigration from New Commonwealth countries to help rebuild the country due to shortage of labour

This lead to migrates from Bangladesh settling in Brick Lane. In 2021, 47.6% of people were Bangladeshi and 40% Muslim
There have been land use changes with the church becoming a chapel and then a synagogue and the Jamme Masijid mosque

Question 40

How have decisions of multinational corporations impacted the character of Brick Lane?

Answer 40

TNCs such as Pret A Manger have started to locate on Brick Lane due to the high tourist footfall
There has been high opposition to this even though the shop front was changed from red to black to fit into the surroundings

Question 41

How have government policies impacted the character of Harrogate?

Answer 41

The UK government created the housing policy that 10% of new developments must be affordable. This is shown within the new 50 home proposed development in Pannel which has the potential to introduce a younger age profile to Harrogate

Question 42

How have international and global institutions impacted the character of Harrogate?

Answer 42

The EU encouraged migration due to the free movement of labour. This led to Eastern Europeans especially Polish people moving into Harrogate

This has resulted in a higher cultural diversity and creation of the polish Sowa shop

Question 43

How have decisions of multinational corporations impacted the character of Harrogate?

Answer 43

Many TNC shops such as Primark, HandM and Waterstones have located in Harrogate which is making the area a Clone Town. There have been a reductions in independent stores so these areas could b considered placeless

Question 44

How have connections (past and present) impacted the character of Harrogate?

Answer 44

In the 18th century (Georgian Era) Harrogate became known as ‘the English Spa’. The spa waters were a popular health treatment so an influx of wealthy but ill visitors contributed to the wealth of the town. This is shown through the Georgian architecture

The arrival of the Railway improved the transport links to Harrogate so tourists began to visit Harrogate for key areas such as the Valley Gardens and Pump Rooms which are still popular today

Recently, Harrogate Borough council and ‘Visit Harrogate’ have increased links with cyclist groups to re-brand the town. In 2020 the town held the UCI Championships

Question 45

What are the three main strategies to alter the perception of a place?

Answer 45

Place marketing
Re-imaging
Rebranding

Question 46

Give an example of place marketing

Answer 46

Place marketing is how places are ‘sold’ like products to consumers. Marketing or public relations companies are employed by governments to crate positive perceptions of a place

The Lake District is being promoted as the ‘Adventure Capital’ of the UK through websites and social media pages

Question 47

Give an example of rebranding

Answer 47

Rebranding is used to discard negative perceptions of a place. It is given a new identity that is appealing to people and investors through reimaging, place marketing and regeneration schemes

Liverpool

Question 48

Give an example of reimaging

Answer 48

Reimaging is about changing existing negative perceptions of places, aiming to generate new positive feelings and attitudes of people to that place. It is linked to rebranding

Liverpool

Question 49

Why did Liverpool need rebranding?

Answer 49

In the 18th and 19th centuries it was a large port which experienced industrial decline. This lead to economic and social deprivation by the 1980s

In 1981, race ions dominated newspaper headlines which created negative perceptions

Question 50

How was Liverpool rebranded? Give specific examples

Answer 50

Capital of culture
Was awarded European Capital of Culture status in 2008 which has attracted major investment in the city
In 2008 alone 7000 cultural events were held and there was £800 million additional income

Albert Dock
Reimaging the city’s industrial heritage through culture
The Merseyside Development Corporation reclaimed 4km^2 of derelict land to create new housing and 1000s of jobs
The derelict interiors were also transformed with the original exterior kept e.g Tate Liverpool and Beatle’s Story
Now attracts over 6 million tourists per year

Question 51

What were the limitations of the rebranding of Liverpool?

Answer 51

In nearby inner city districts e.g Everton there is widespread poverty and residents felt that the investment of the city centre would not reach them