CP - Place Studies Flashcards
Place meaning
The individual or collective perceptions of a place
Media
Means of communication including film, television, radio and books
Objective
Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts
Primary data
The data collected by the researcher first-hand
Provenance
The context in which a source or text is produced, which may give reasons for its purpose and reliability
Qualitative data
Information that is non-numerical and is used in a relatively unstructured way. It is often descriptive information e.g artistic depictions and interviews
Quantitative data
Data that can be quantified and verified, and can be statistically manipulated
Reliable
Evaluating how accurate or useful a source is by comparing it to other sources and finding out its provenance
Secondary data
Information from other sources that a researcher uses
Subjective
Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions
Geospatial data
Information that describes objects, events or other features with a location on or near the surface of the earth
Counter-mapping
A process by which people produce their own maps, informed by their own local knowledge and understanding of the place. Includes factual information and portrays a sense of place
Big data
Big data is large in terms of scale with a high number of responses, variety of data sets and the size of the population e.g the Index of Multiple Deprivation
First space representations
The use of quantitative data to portray a place
Second space representations
Use of qualitative data to portray a place
Third space representations
Use of quantitative and qualitative data to portray a place
Give some qualitative data examples
Interviews
Photographs
Poetry
Music
TV and film
Art
Give some quantitative data examples
Statistics
—> Census, Index of Multiple Deprivation, house price data
How is Harrogate represented by quantitative data?
IMD 2015-2019 - wealthy area as in 2019 St George’s Ward was in the top 10% of least deprived areas in the country
House price data - wealthy as average house price in HG2 postcode is £446,000, almost 2x the national average at £286,000 in 2023
Census 2011 and 2021 - lack of cultural diversity as in 2021 96.1% white British
How is Harrogate represented by qualitative data?
Art - UCI event painting by Lucy Pittaway in 2019 - shows area as a idyllic town with iconic Betty’s tearoom and flowers in bloom
Newspaper article - national Stray Ferret newspaper published 30th May 2023 - implies Harrogate is a dangerous place to live due to crime with selling drugs
Map - town plan from ‘The Royal Atlas of England and Wales’ 1898 - shown as a town with a highly populated centre and surrounding areas of green space
How is Brick Lane represented by quantitative data?
IMD 2010 and 2019 - shown as an area wit economic issues with Spittalfields and Banglatown Ward ranked most deprived LSOA in London in 2010. In 2019, the ward remains to be in the top 20% most deprived areas in the country
Census 2011 and 2021 - shown as an area with high cultural diversity as in 2011 41% of the population was Bangladeshi and 41.6% Muslim. In 2021, 47.6% Bangladeshi and 40% Muslim
How is Brick Lane represented by qualitative data?
Poem - Sally Flood ‘The Brick Lane I See’ in the 1980s - shown as a cultural area but with many social problems. ‘Aromatic spices’ and ‘breeding ground for miscontent’
Street art - Stik 2010 ‘A couple hold hands in the street’ - shows cultural diversity and acceptance in the area as cartoon of a Muslim and white person holding hands, ranked number 17 in 2017 top favourite UK artworks ever
Counter-mapping - Adam Dant ‘A Map of Spittalfields Life’ 2011 - shows culture of the area with key landmarks such as curry houses and Jamme Masjid Mosque
REMEMBER - limitations as Brick Lane has undergone gentrification since 2011
Conflict
A state of disagreement caused by the perceived or actual opposition of needs, values and interests between people
Contested place
A place where tension or conflict has arisen due to the inability of different players to agree how it should be managed, used or represented
What conflict has occurred in Brick lane?
Over the last 10-20 years, conflict between the Bangladeshi community and new incomers due to gentrification
Social housing companies are demolishing feasts and replacing them with more upmarket properties which are sold for profit. This pricing young members of the Bangladeshi community out of the Brick Lane area, therefore changing the economic, social and demographic characteristics. ‘It wont be Brick Lane anymore if they keep moving out’ (the Bangladeshi people)
Anti-gentrification protests occurred in 2015 with demonstrators throwing paint at the Cereal Killer Cafe (a cafe selling expensive cereals from around the world)
What conflict has occurred in Harrogate?
Conflict between local residents and Harrogate Borough Council / housing developers in 1990s due to proposals to develop land in Crimple Valley
‘Save Crimple Valley Campaign’ created in early 1990s when proposals to construct developments e.g a supermarket and car park in southern fringe of Harrogate were created. Objection reasons included increased risk of flooding, use of a greenfield site, likely congestion and risk to wildlife
Actions of local people campaigning lead to a Government inspector removing the site from Council plans so was sucessful
Demographic
To do with who lives in a place and what they are like e.g age, gender, ethnicity, population size
Cultural
The cultural characteristics are to do with how people live their lives e.g customs, food, clothing, language and art
How have flows of people caused demographic and cultural change in Harrogate?
Demographic
Free movement of labour laws as part of the European Union meant that there was migration of Eastern Europeans (particularly Polish people) into Harrogate in the late 2000s changing the ethnic mix
Cultural
More languages are being spoken with English courses now being offered
How have flows of money and investment caused demographic change in Harrogate?
Demographic
Government policy to increase affordable housing has encouraged property developers to build more low cost housing and has cased conflict in proposed sites e.g 250 new homes in Pannel. This is likely to lead to a younger age profile and change the economic status of the area as well as increasing population size
How have flows of ideas caused cultural change in Harrogate?
Cultural
Annual StrEat and family fun festival in the Valley Gardens bring international cuisine e.g Greek to local residents which can influence eating habits
How have flows of resources caused demographic changes in Harrogate>?
New care home facilities and specialist dementia care units e.g in the outskirts of Pannel may bring older people into Harrogate and influence the age profile
How have flows of people in Brick lane caused demographic and cultural change?
Demographic
Over time there have been many groups migrating into Brick Lane —> French Protestants, Irish, Jewish and Bangladeshi people
Cultural
Multi-ethnic community
More languages spoken
More religions causing land use changes e.g Jamme Masjid Mosque
Food - now famous for curry houses
How have flows of money and investment caused demographic and cultural change in Brick Lane?
Demographic
Gentrification have caused some groups to be forced out of the area e.g young Bangladeshi community who cannot afford rent prices
Cultural
Businesses in the area are changing e.g curry houses closing and chains such as Pret A Manger moving in
‘It wont be Brick lane anymore if they (Bangladeshi people) keep moving out)
How have flows of ideas caused cultural change in Brick Lane?
Cultural
Restaurants established by different migrants e.g bagel shop from Jewish culture and curry houses from Bangladeshi culture
What is the additional example for the flow of ideas and resources on hanging a place?
Population Policy in Thailand
Cabbages and Condoms restaurant that encourages education and use of contraceptives so brith rate reduced (demographic) and more men take responsibility for contraception (cultural)
What are the 3 external forces that drive change in places?
Government policy
Impacts of international / global institutions
Decisions of multinational corporations
MNC (Multinational corporation)
A company which operates in a range of countries. Generally the headquarters, research and sales are in a HIC while manufacturing is in a LIC
How have government policies impacted the character of Brick Lane ?
After the Second World War, the government encouraged immigration from New Commonwealth countries to help rebuild the country due to shortage of labour
This lead to migrates from Bangladesh settling in Brick Lane. In 2021, 47.6% of people were Bangladeshi and 40% Muslim
There have been land use changes with the church becoming a chapel and then a synagogue and the Jamme Masijid mosque
How have decisions of multinational corporations impacted the character of Brick Lane?
TNCs such as Pret A Manger have started to locate on Brick Lane due to the high tourist footfall
There has been high opposition to this even though the shop front was changed from red to black to fit into the surroundings
How have government policies impacted the character of Harrogate?
The UK government created the housing policy that 10% of new developments must be affordable. This is shown within the new 50 home proposed development in Pannel which has the potential to introduce a younger age profile to Harrogate
How have international and global institutions impacted the character of Harrogate?
The EU encouraged migration due to the free movement of labour. This led to Eastern Europeans especially Polish people moving into Harrogate
This has resulted in a higher cultural diversity and creation of the polish Sowa shop
How have decisions of multinational corporations impacted the character of Harrogate?
Many TNC shops such as Primark, HandM and Waterstones have located in Harrogate which is making the area a Clone Town. There have been a reductions in independent stores so these areas could b considered placeless
How have connections (past and present) impacted the character of Harrogate?
In the 18th century (Georgian Era) Harrogate became known as ‘the English Spa’. The spa waters were a popular health treatment so an influx of wealthy but ill visitors contributed to the wealth of the town. This is shown through the Georgian architecture
The arrival of the Railway improved the transport links to Harrogate so tourists began to visit Harrogate for key areas such as the Valley Gardens and Pump Rooms which are still popular today
Recently, Harrogate Borough council and ‘Visit Harrogate’ have increased links with cyclist groups to re-brand the town. In 2020 the town held the UCI Championships
What are the three main strategies to alter the perception of a place?
Place marketing
Re-imaging
Rebranding
Give an example of place marketing
Place marketing is how places are ‘sold’ like products to consumers. Marketing or public relations companies are employed by governments to crate positive perceptions of a place
The Lake District is being promoted as the ‘Adventure Capital’ of the UK through websites and social media pages
Give an example of rebranding
Rebranding is used to discard negative perceptions of a place. It is given a new identity that is appealing to people and investors through reimaging, place marketing and regeneration schemes
Liverpool
Give an example of reimaging
Reimaging is about changing existing negative perceptions of places, aiming to generate new positive feelings and attitudes of people to that place. It is linked to rebranding
Liverpool
Why did Liverpool need rebranding?
In the 18th and 19th centuries it was a large port which experienced industrial decline. This lead to economic and social deprivation by the 1980s
In 1981, race ions dominated newspaper headlines which created negative perceptions
How was Liverpool rebranded? Give specific examples
Capital of culture
Was awarded European Capital of Culture status in 2008 which has attracted major investment in the city
In 2008 alone 7000 cultural events were held and there was £800 million additional income
Albert Dock
Reimaging the city’s industrial heritage through culture
The Merseyside Development Corporation reclaimed 4km^2 of derelict land to create new housing and 1000s of jobs
The derelict interiors were also transformed with the original exterior kept e.g Tate Liverpool and Beatle’s Story
Now attracts over 6 million tourists per year
What were the limitations of the rebranding of Liverpool?
In nearby inner city districts e.g Everton there is widespread poverty and residents felt that the investment of the city centre would not reach them
