CP 5 Flashcards
What is the Cloke’s 1979 model of urban rural continuum?
Categorisation of rural areas
What is the order of increasing rural-ness
extreme non rural -> immediate non-rural -> extreme rural
What are some features of extreme non-rural
Higher property prices compared to extreme rural
Delays with emergency services
Less recreation services
Dependent on public transport to access services - young, elderly, disabled
What are some features of extreme rural
Lack of access to emergency services, little internet connectivity - remote working/staying in contact with other, poor infrastructure, no access to public transport, Shop goods are overpriced, limited job opportunities.
What are some problems faced by extreme rural areas
Aging population, population decline, service/transport/telecommunication provision, housing availability and cost
What does the increased age in rural areas show
(Counter urbanisation) Retired people move into rural areas, Young people move out of rural areas for work/education (rural to urban migration)
What is spiral of decline in terms of rural areas
Young leave to urban areas for opportunities, Employers cannot recruit labour, less investment in area and businesses, less money less employment less people leads to shops and services shutting, people notice decline and lower QoL.
What is the effect of depopulation on service provision
loss higher level services, replacement of services (tourists),
branch closures,
Reduction in bus services
What is a community owned shop
Non profit, volunteer shop, made in rural areas
What is a multipurpose pub
an agglomeration of services,
Give an example of a multipurpose pub
Cellar house, Eaton, Norfolk - pub and post office
What is an advantage of agglomerations of services
People will visit more often - pubs are busy at night but empty during the day, so a day time service is added, so it will busy all day round
How many rural bus routes were cut in the last year, why?
one thousand
Covid - social distancing
What is the impact of bus routes being cut
Fair prices increase, elderly cannot access appointments, visit family etc.. young cannot access education
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
Where is St John’s chapel located?
North pennies, AONB
nearest city is Newcastle upon Tyne
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
What was the percentage of 16-24yr olds in St Johns chapel in 2011, compared to national average
St Johns chapel - 4%
NA - 12%
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
What was the percentage of 60+yr olds in St Johns chapel in 2011, compared to national average
St Johns chapel - 36%
NA - 21%
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
Why is St Johns chapel declining
Agricultural village - reduced demand, and reduced support from government
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
What was the population in St johns chapel in 1991 compared to 2011
1991 - 442
2011 - 270
CASE STUDY: REMOTE DECLINING VILLAGE
What are some physical signs that St Johns chapel has declined
Size of village has not grown
1960s close of railway
What is superfast broad brand
download speeds excess 24Mbps
Rural areas have less internet coverage, why is this a problem for businesses and people
Cannot sell products online, Working from home/ education cannot be done, cannot contact others in emergency, people become isolated
Where is counter urbanisation effecting the most
Extreme non rural, suburbanised village with old core
Where does second home ownership effect the most?
Extreme rural, villages with mainly second home (by national park)
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What percentage of homes in Cornwall are second homes
11.2%
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
Compare the average affordability of a house in England and Cornwall
England - 6.65x annual wage
Cornwall - 8.57-10x annual
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What is the impact of a second home ownership
home is vacant most of the year, so money is only spent on services part of the year
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
Where is Helford located
Cornwall, on the Helford river
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What process is occurring in Helford
Rural gentrification - redevelopment of houses
Second home ownership
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
Compare the difference in 16-25yr olds in Helford and national average in 2011. What does this mean?
2011 Helford - 1%
2011 National average - 12%
Young cannot afford to live in Helford
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
Compare the percent of second home ownership in Helford and national average
2011 Helford - 25%
2011 National average - 3%
High second home ownership
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are the negative impacts of second home ownership
Conflict between community
Affluent, second home residents have a stronger vote in what happens
Loss of business in winter - seasonal business
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are two examples of negatives of second home ownership in Helford?
Fisherman wants to build a new jetty, was approved by local council, but planning was blocked by ‘Helford village society’ (second home owners)
General stores - Serves permanent residents all year round, but In winter the store losses business
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are some positives of second home ownership
Attract wealthy investments
Creates tourism jobs
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are two examples of positives from second home ownerships in Helford?
South Cafe restaurant - attracts wealthy customers, high class restaurant, charging high prices
Helford House keeping - look after second homes + prepare homes for owners.
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
Summarise actions taken against second homes, in Megavissey
Ban new builds being sold as second homes
Second homes now have to pay 2x council tax
Protests
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are arguments for controlling second home ownership
Cheaper house prices for residents, Investments in local services/shops, Community, People do day visits (high spending)
SECOND HOME OWNERSHIPS
What are arguments against controlling second home ownerships
Less seasonal investments from affluent, Area has a lower reputation
What is counter urbanisation?
Social and demographic process where people move from urban settlements to rural areas
When did counter urbanisation begin to occur in the UK
1970s to 1980s
Why has counter urbanisation been facilitated
Increased vehicle ownership
Improved road systems
Compare the percentage of people living in urban areas in 1990 and 2014
1990 - 88%
2014 - 82%
What demographic of people move to rural areas from urban
Families, retired people
Affluent, middle class
What is a push factor
Forces you away from a location (negative)
What is a pull factor
Attracts you to a location (positive)
What are some social, push factors from urban areas
Loud, busy, violent crime, traffic danger
What are some social pull factors to rural areas
Quiet, sense of community
What are some economic push factors from urban areas
Rent/house prices are high
Deindustrialisation
What are some economic pull factors to rural areas
Low cost per unit area, can work from home, businesses, like manufacturing choose to locate in rural areas
What are some environmental push factors from urban areas
Pollution, noise, air and land
What are some environmental pull factors to rural areas
Clean, open space
Where is counter urbanisation occurring
Cambridgeshire…., Around motorways
Why are people moving to Cambridgeshire
Close proximity to London, good transport links (M11, A14)
COUNTER URBANISATION
Where is St Ives located
Village in Cambridgeshire, 100km north of London
COUNTER URBANISATION
How has the population of St Ives increased from 1951 to 2011
1951 = 3078
2011 = 16348
COUNTER URBANISATION
Between 1951 and today how has St Ives sprawled?
Increase of 3.5km2
COUNTER URBANISATION
What does the Sprawl of an area indicate?
Sprawl shows that new buildings are being build to house more people, indicating population growth
COUNTER URBANISATION
What fraction of people living in St Ives commute to Cambridge for work
1/4
COUNTER URBANISATION
What main road go to Cambridge and London
Cambridge - A14
London - M11
COUNTER URBANISATION
Why do people move to St Ives
Clean and safe, Families move to raise children, Retried people move for peace + saftey
COUNTER URBANISATION
What are the negatives of counter urbanisation in St Ives
Traffic congestion
Rising house prices
New housing at flood risk
Younger population
COUNTER URBANISATION
Explain how traffic congestion is a negative
People travel on A14 to get to work, causing congestion at rush hour
COUNTER URBANISATION
Explain how Rising house prices is a negative
Increased demand in housing, commuters earn more then locals.
COUNTER URBANISATION
How much has house prices increased between 2000 and 2010
2000 - £130 000
2010 - £290 000
More then doubled
COUNTER URBANISATION
Explain how flood risk a negative
New houses are build on flood plain of Great River Ouse, 1000 properties at risk, causing high damages
COUNTER URBANISATION
Explain how Younger population a negative
Pressure on schools
COUNTER URBANISATION
What are the positives of Counter urbanisation in St Ives
More shops and services, younger, affluent population
COUNTER URBANISATION
What is being done to counteract traffic congestion on a14
Bus route added, linking St Ives to Cambridge, Cost £116 million
COUNTER URBANISATION
What is being done to counteract Rising house prices
Building 200 new homes, 75 aimed to be affordable, aimed at lower income people
COUNTER URBANISATION
What is being done to counteract Flood risk
Flood protections build in 2007 - embankments and flood walls.
Cost £8.8million
COUNTER URBANISATION
What is being done to counteract Younger population
Primary school expansion, 240 new places.
COUNTER URBANISATION
What is an advantage of a expansion in primary schools,
Reducing congestion on A14 road
