CP 4 Flashcards by Holly Bee

What is the quaternary sector?

Knowledge, research and development

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How much is the quaternary sector worth to the UK? What percentage of people are workingin this sector?

30 billion
10-15%

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What two factors are increasing quaternary sector?

Research to develop more products for a saturated market (eg apple)
expansion of universities, creating a high skilled workforce

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What are the 3 (4) locational factors leading to the growth of quaternary sector?

skilled workforce
Communication infrastructure
Government
(Attractive environment)

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How does a skilled workforce impact QI

a high level of education, QI cluster around universities

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How does communication infrastructure impact QI

QI need fast internet connectivity - share information globally and transportation infrastructure (road/rail/air) - attend meetings/conferences

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How does a government impact QI

Governments provide grants to QI, to encourage start up companies and attract foreign investment

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What is the location Quotient?

Way of quantifying how concentrated a particular industry is in a region

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Location quadrant scale:

> 1.25 - significant degree of clustering
=1 - national average
<1 - dispersed more then national average

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
Where does the M4 route go?

west of London to south Wales

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
List some communication benefits of the M4 corridor

M4 and A34
Electrified railway into central London
Heathrow airport - Global hub airport (all around the world)

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
List some government infrastructure benefits of M4 corridor

government research centres encourage other related industries

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
List some skilled workforce benefits of M4 corridor

Inward of migration, of skilled workers, nearby universities (Oxford, Brunel, Reading)

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
List some attractive environments benefits of M4 corridor

Thames Valley, Cotswolds, Mendips, Chilterns, Marlborough Downs
Provide homes for highly paid workers

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
List 5 examples of institutions around the M4 corridor

Aldermaston + Harwell
Jealott’s hill
Porton down
Brunel University
Dyson

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CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
What is Aldermaston + Harwell? Government or Private?

Atomic/nuclear energy, Government

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
What is Jealott’s hill? Government or Private?

Agriculture, Private

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
What is Porton down? Government or Private?

Chemical and biological weapons, government

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
What is Brunel University? Government or Private?

Engineering, government

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - M4 CORRIDOR
Draw a Diagram of the layout of M4 Corridor

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor
What is Cambridge science park?

A cluster of localised quaternary industries

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor
Who established the science park? What year

Trinity collage
1973

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor
What happened to the wider area of Cambridge due to the science park, what is this called

Growth in quaternary sector - 12,000 companies, employing 35,000 by 1990
Agglomeration of economies (firms in related businesses cluster together)

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor
What is the benefit of the M11 corridor?

allows for easy commute for workers and deliveries

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor In 2011 how did the employment of people in Quaternary industries in Cambridge compare with the rest of the UK?

Cambridge - 8% Average - 2/4%

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor In 2013 how did the house prices in Cambridge compare with the rest of the UK? What is the average house price as of 2023 in Cambridge?

2013 Cambridge - 300K Average - 100/200K 2023 Cambridge - 500K Average - 300K

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor Why are house prices in Cambridge so expensive?

Continued gentrification, affluent residents move in, high demand for housing

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor In 2011 how did the unemployment rate in Cambridge compare with the rest of the UK?

Cambridge - 2.8% Average - 4/5%

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor Between 2000s-2015 how did the road congestion in Cambridge increase?

(Traffic volume index) increased from 200,000 to 232,000

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor In between 2001-2011 and 2011-2021 how did the population increase in Cambridge compare with the rest of the UK?

2001-2011 Cambridge - 13.8% Average - 7.8% 2011-2021 Cambridge - 17.1% Average - 12.5%

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor How much investment does Cambridge receive, what is this used on?

Â£1 billion, new railway stations, roads and houses

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor How does the university receive investments (how much). What does this mean for investors

1500 tech companies, Â£4 billion investments. Helps company become successful (80% survival rate)

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What is the Cambridge Biomedical Campus?

Quaternary cluster, 22,000 jobs, 1million nhs patients, contributes Â£4.2 billion to economy

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What are economic benefits?

1200 Quaternary companies, employing 35,000 Multiplier effect, creating secondary and tertiary employment Land owners - property price increases to 4th highest in country Start-ups have 80% survival rate after 3years, compared to 58% national average

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What are some economic weaknesses?

High job availability leads to recruitment issues for lower paying/less desirable jobs (less eg cleaners due to high rent) Businesses increase costs for goods, due to high property rents

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What are social benefits?

High job availability/low unemployment (2.2%, compared to 4.8%)

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What are some social weaknesses?

Struggle to afford housing (2013- Â£500K, vs Â£300k) Population increase (2011-2021 18% vs 11%) puts pressure on local services

CASE STUDY - QUATERNARY INDUSTRY CLUSTER - Cambridge and M11 corridor What are some environmental weaknesses?

Air quality decreases - traffic increased by 16% between 2000s and 2015 (13th worst city in UK). Continued growth of city at greenbelt 1970 - covers 24km2, 2023 - 37km2

What is the spearman's rank correlation coefficient test? How does it work?

shows to what extent two or more variables are related -1 = perfect negative 0 = no correlation +1 = perfect positive Compare spearman's rank to Rs value, if Rs value is greater then the critical value there is a significant correlation between the two variables