CP 1

Question 1

What jobs did people in the black country have 100 years ago?

Answer 1

Farming, little machinery - more labour intensive
factories - making chains and glass
Coal mining

Question 2

Why has employment in the Black Country changed?

Answer 2

Globalisation - movement of industry overseas
Mechanisation - machines replacing people’s jobs
less demand for agriculture/manufacturing - imports

Question 3

What is primary industry?

Answer 3

Extraction of raw material from the ground or sea.

Question 4

What is the secondary industry?

Answer 4

Manufacturing of goods using raw materials from the primary industry
Steel making, Car manufacturing, construction

Question 5

What is the tertiary sector split into

Answer 5

Private - Independent, paid services
Public - Government ran

Question 6

What is the creative industries?
What does this fall under?

Answer 6

Jobs creating art
Quaternary industries

Question 7

What is the pre-industrial phase?
What is employment like in this phase?

Answer 7

Before industry develops.
Dominated by primary sector, which begins to falls
Secondary and tertiary sectors increase

Question 8

What is the Industrial phase?
What is employment like in this phase?

Answer 8

Many factories and services. Primary decreases . Secondary increases Tertiary increases

Question 9

When was the industrial revolution in the UK?

Answer 9

1760

Question 10

What is the post-industrial phase?
What is employment like in this phase?

Answer 10

Closure of factories, many jobs in tertiary. Emergence of quaternary sector. Tertiary increases, Secondary decreases, primary decreases

Question 11

When was the deindustrialisation in the UK?

Answer 11

1950

Question 12

When was the first census in the UK? what does this mean?

Answer 12

1841, meaning any graphs for the UK start in 1841, as we do not have any data from before then

Question 13

What is an LEDC/LIC?

Answer 13

Low income country
Poorest countries - primary industries - pre industrial phase

Question 14

What is a NIC/EE?

Answer 14

Emerging economies
Experiencing industrialisation - growth of secondary and tertiary sectors - industrial phase

Question 15

What is a MEDC/HIC?

Answer 15

High income countries
Wealthiest countries - Tertiary and quaternary sectors - post-industrial phase

Question 16

Is the Clarke fisher model reliable? Why?

Answer 16

No
Not all countries will follow the same pattern - landlocked vs not
There is exceptions from the model
There are different rates of development - China

Question 17

Why does primary employment decline?

Answer 17

Depletion of resources, cheap imports, mechanisation, social change and value of primary industry, government policy

Question 18

Why does secondary employment decline?

Answer 18

Globalisation, cheaper production in developing countries (Cheap labour, relaxed environmental laws, enterprise zones), Government policies.

Question 19

What benefits do enterprise zones have

Answer 19

Business rate discounts
Tax relief
Planning permissions

Question 20

Big city Plan: Birmingham

Answer 20

2007
Expand city centre by 25% - 50,000 jobs
Regeneration of key areas - Eg New St station.
Extension of walkways, public spaces, canals - accessible city

Question 21

What was the main primary industry in the UK?
Why?

Answer 21

Coal
accessible seams of coal

Question 22

How many people were employed in coal mining in the 1920s UK

Answer 22

1.2 million

Question 23

Why was the coal industry stopped in the UK?

Answer 23

difficult to access coal, cost of production, cheaper to import, Government policies, Social attitudes

Question 24

What 3 countries was 96% of coal imported from in 2012

Answer 24

USA, Russia and Colombia

Question 25

Who decided to close 20 coal mines? What year? How many jobs were lost? What did this lead to?

Answer 25

Margret Thatcher, 1984 20,000 Lead to miners strikes

Question 26

As of what year does the UK produce more energy from renewables then coal

Answer 26

2017

Question 27

Why has agricultural employment declined but production has remained the same?

Answer 27

Mechanisation - machines taking people's jobs. This means there needs to be less workers for the same output

Question 28

Compare agricultural employment in 1841 and 2011

Answer 28

1841 - 22% 2011 - 1%

Question 29

What is the process of secondary employment declining called?

Answer 29

Deindustrialisation

Question 30

Compare secondary employment in the UK between 1966 and 2011

Answer 30

1966 - 8,940,000 2011 - 2,740,000

Question 31

Why were certain areas of the UK better for certain products.

Answer 31

More suited to area, using the recourses from that area

Question 32

Why has deindustrialisation occurred in the Uk? Sort into external and internal.

Answer 32

External Globalisation, Multi-National companies, New technology Internal Loss of competitiveness, lack of investment, Human resources issues

Question 33

What is globalisation?

Answer 33

Process of increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies of the world.

Question 34

What are Multi-National compaines?

Answer 34

global companies that dominate the global economy

Question 35

Why do MNCs manufacture products in EEs When did this start to occur in the UK?

Answer 35

Lower labour costs, Fewer employment laws, hard working/ educated workforce, cheaper land and construction costs, relaxed environmental laws, Export processing zones (Low levels of tax) Uk - 1950

Question 36

What is a RIC, compare it to a NIC

Answer 36

RIC - Recently industrialised country NIC - Newley industrialised country RIC is after NIC

Question 37

CASE STUDY - Global shift What is Dyson, and when was it founded?

Answer 37

tech company, specialising in air related products, founded in 1993

Question 38

CASE STUDY- Global shift Where did Dyson move manufacturing to, from where? When did Dyson move manufacturing?

Answer 38

Moved in 2002 to Malaysia from Malmsbury, UK

Question 39

CASE STUDY- Global shift Why did Dyson move manufacturing?

Answer 39

30% lower wages, skilled workers, Ability to sell to other countries.

Question 40

CASE STUDY- Global shift What has the movement of Dyson's manufacturing caused?

Answer 40

222% increase in revenue, 90% of products are sold to other countries then the UK. Creation of 13,000 jobs

Question 41

What is an advantage of mechanisation?

Answer 41

Quality control, production can run 24/7, no wages or sick days needed

Question 42

What is a industry that faces mechanisation? Give an example of a company.

Answer 42

Car manufacturing, Jaguar

Question 43

Where were many factories built in the industrial revolution? What does this mean for modern factories?

Answer 43

By Canals, railways and roads, surrounded by back to back workers houses HGVs cannot travel thorough narrow roads. Modern factories are near motorways, rural, allowing for easy transport of goods.

Question 44

Why are outdated factories not updated, instead often left derelict?

Answer 44

Expensive, less expensive to build a factory by a motorway/cheap land

Question 45

How do exchange rates impact the price of British manufactured goods for other countries to buy.

Answer 45

High exchange rates make British goods expensive, causing less to be sold.

Question 46

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry What is British Leyland, when was it formed, how many people did it employ, how many vehicles did it make per year.

Answer 46

Nationalised company, created from the merging of several car companies, created over 1million vehicles per year.

Question 47

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry What problems did British Leyland face?

Answer 47

unionised workforce, 523 strikes in 30 months, affecting productivity, so many customers switched to other manufacturing. Appalling reliability, unhappy customers, bad reputation

Question 48

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry What is privatisation? What did this mean for British Leyland>

Answer 48

being brought, if a company could not make money or seek investment, they would have to close. Austin or Triumph. Jaguar/Land rover were sold to TATA.

Question 49

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry How has Britain maintained a car industry, give example

Answer 49

Attracting FDI (foreign direct investment) Toyota, Derby - 3800 employed.

Question 50

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry + Brexit How many people are employed in the car industry in the UK? What does a no deal Brexit mean? What has happened to investments?

Answer 50

856,000, many people will be forced out of jobs, due to little demand. Investment has halved

Question 51

CASE STUDY - Decline of car industry + Brexit What percent of car exports from the UK are to countries in the EU.

Answer 51

0.539%