Course Wrap Up Flashcards
Trait theories vs. psychoanalytic theory
Differences
Empirically derived vs. taken from concepts
Biological theories vs. learning theories
Differences
Basically nature vs. nurture
Psychoanalytic theories vs. neo-analytic
Differences
Emphasis on unconscious vs. the ego (Erikson)
Learning theories vs. cognitive theories
Differences
Factors external to the individual vs. within
Psychoanalytic theory vs. motivational and humanistic theories
Differences
Describing the destructive, evil nature of human beings vs. describing how human nature is good
Trait & biological
Similarities:
Both assume universality
Biological theories vs. psychoanalytic theory
Similarities:
Emphasis on drives and instincts (biologically based)
Psychoanalytic theory vs. neoanalytic theory
Similarities:
The role of our relationships with caregivers in infancy and childhood
Neoanalytic theory vs. cognitive theory
Similarities:
Conscious and unconscious experience
Learning theory vs. motivational and humanistic theory
Similarities:
Reinforcement as drive reduction
What theoretical perspective is best?
Can adopt eclectism: a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories
Themes:
- Personality is reflected in cross-situational consistency and aggregate behaviour
- Biology and environment determine personality
- Childhood experience influence personality
- The unconscious matters
- Personality is associated with psychological and social functioning
- The distinction between “normal” and “abnormal” can and should be, questioned
- Personality change is possible
- We have free will and can, with intention, cultivate happiness in our lives and the lives of others
