Course 4 - Section 8 - From Major Airport to Major Airport Flashcards
Flights are divided into three phases
Departure
Enroute
Arrival
Phases of flight
Departure phase consists of three subphases
pre-flight
takeoff
initial climb
Phases of flight
Departure: Pre-Flight
Phases of flight
Departure: Takeoff
Phases of flight
Departure: Initial Climb
Phases of flight
Phases of flight: Enroute
Phases of flight
Phases of flight: Arrival (list subphases)
Arrival consists of three subphases:
approach, landing, and post-flight
Phases of flight:
Arrival:
Approach
Phases of flight:
Arrival:
Landing
Phases of flight:
Arrival:
Post-Flight
Top of Descent
Many modern commercial aircraft can determine precisely where to begin a descent from cruise altitude to minimize fuel usage, pollution, and noise by having the engines at their minimum thrust setting (idle) from cruise altitude to the final approach fix.
This point is known as TOP OF DESCENT
The most recent Canadian STAR procedures are carefully designed to allow the greatest benefits from idle descents while meeting the most common ATC requirements
Emergency Frequencies
All ATS units monitor emergency frequencies 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz
Radio Frequencies at Major Airports
Clearance Delivery
- IFR aircraft call on the clearance delivery frequency to obtain clearance for their proposed flight path. If ATC imposes any changes to the flight plan, the pilot will be told about the changes on this frequency
Ground
- Aircraft and vehicles call ground frequency to obtain permission for any movement on the manoeuvring area (such as permission to taxi) as well as updates on airport weather conditions
Tower
- Tower frequency is used by aircraft asking for permission to use the runway by any aircraft operating near the airport
Terminal Departure
- At airports that have a terminal control area around them, aircraft is instructed to contact terminal departure, often once airborne, where they receive instructions prior to the enroute phase of flight.
Enroute
- Enroute frequencies are used by controllers to give clearances to aircraft during the enroute phase of flight. These frequencies are used mostly by IFR aircraft to receive control services and weather updates, but are occasionally used by VFR aircraft for weather updates or navigational assistance
Terminal Arrival
- At airports that have a terminal control area around them, the terminal arrival frequency is used by terminal controllers to establish an arrival sequence and provide separation between aircraft by assigning altitudes and route instructions