Course 2 Section 2 Airport Layouts Traffic and Lighting Flashcards
Aerodrome VS Airport
What is the Apron?
Airport Intersection?
Any point where two runways, two taxiways or a runway and a taxiway cross of meet
Airport Helipad
Designated area for takeoff and landing of helicoperts. Could be located in the Apron or its own separate area
Manoeuvring area
Movement Area
Runway Numbering
01 - 36, corresponding to compass direction in relation to MAGNETIC NORTH. Round to the nearest ten degrees then drop the last digit
to get the opposite runway number add 18 if the runway is between 01 and 18. and subtract 18 if between 19 and 36
Ground Traffic
Ground traffic is all traffic, other than aircraft, on the manoeuvring and runway protected areas, such as vehicles, equipment and personnel
Generally speaking, taxiways are used to move ground traffic, and runways are limited to arriving and departing aircraft. In some instances, runways may also be used to move ground traffic; however, this poses a risk of conflict with aircraft landing and taking off
Responsibility for traffic movement - ATC vs FSS
FSS- authority to issue instructions to vehicles, but not to aircraft. Vehicle operators must adhere to the instructions recieved from FSS, while pilots inform FSS of their intentions. Based on the information given to FSS from pilots, FFS manages the traffic in the safest and most efficient way
ATC - has the authority to issue instructions to both vehicles and aircraft
CARS 602.96 (3)
Parts of the circuit
Downwind Leg
Base Leg
Final Approach Leg
Crosswind Leg
Departure and Overshoot Path
Upwind Side
Downwind Leg
Base Leg
Final Approach Leg
Crosswind Leg
Departure and Overshoot Path
Upwind Side
Circuits - Standard Procedure for Landing at an Airport
Circuits - Right hand circuits
Normally, circuits are left-hand turns, meaning the direction of turns the aircraft makes while in the circuit is always left.
However, air traffic control may elect to use a non-standard circuit (ie a right hand circuit) in order to provide a safer and more expeditious and orderly flow of airport traffic.
CARs make allowances for right hand turns to be used
A right hand circuit may be used to
- Avoid populated areas
- avoid obstructions or terrain
- Allow the controller to have a better view of traffic due to the positioning of the tower on the field and the configuration of control positions
- provide a more expeditious flow of traffic
- provide a more orderly flow of traffic
Clearance Limits
If the aircraft is inbound for an airport with an air traffic control unit, the pilot will be given a clearance limit that corresponds with a point in the circuit or a physical landmark the pilot is familiar with. A clearance limit is the point to which an aircraft is granted an ATC clearance
Traffic Movement in Circuit - FSS vs ATC
FSS - flight service specialists do not have the authority to issue instructions to aircraft, therefore they cannot instruct pilots to join the circuit via a certain leg. Instead, a pilot informs the FSS of how they intend to join the circuit and the specialist then provides the pilot with information, including any details on any other aircraft whose flight path might conflict with the pilot’s state route
ATC - Air traffic controllers have the authority to issue instructions to aircraft and must do so to ensure separation. The controller normally instructs a pilot to join the leg that uses the shortest route to get to the airport while minimizing the possibility of a conflict with another aircraft
Noise Abatement
Many airports have established noise abatement procedures. CARs contain specific rules designed to protect residents living near airports
Night
Night is the period of time during any day that starts at the end of evening civil twilight nd ends at the start of morning civil twlight
Lighting: Precision vs Non Precision approach
Lighting configurations will be different depending on whether the runway has a precision approach or non-precision approach
Obstruction Lights
Obstruction lights are installed at the top of buildings, towers, and equipment to warn pilots of their presence
Approach lights
Approach lights help pilots align aircraft with the runway. There are various types of approach light systems
Runway Touchdown Zone Lighting
Runway touchdown zone lights identify the touchdown zone for landing. The lights are unidirectional, showing only in the direction of approach to landing
Runway threshold and end lights
Runway threshold lights are placed across the ends of a runway or landing strip to indicate its usable limits. Runway end lights are fixed unidirectional lights located near the runway extremity and showing red in the direction of the runway
Runway Edge Lights
Runway edge lights appear at the runway edges along the full length of the runway, except at intersections with other runways or taxiways
Runway Centre line lighting
Runway centreline lights facilitate landing when visbility is obscured
Runway threshold identification Lights
runway threshold identification lights (RTILs) are required when the terrain does not allow for the installation of approach lights or here other lighting conditions reduce the effects of the approach lights. They are often used in marginal or reduced visibility conditions
Taxiway lighting
There are three types of taxiway lighting on a taxiway
-taxiway edge lights in blue
-intersection of taxiway and apron lights in yellow
-centreline taxiway lights in green
Rapid Exit Taxiway lighting
To reduce the aircraft occupancy time, some airports provide rapid exit taxiways. These are lit in alternating green and yellow lights
Lighting Configurations
