Cours #8 Flashcards
What is hostile aggression?
Behavior intended to harm physically or psychologically, motivated by anger and hostility.
What is instrumental aggression?
Behavior intended to harm, but motivated by a secondary goal other than anger or hostility.
Can aggression be both hostile and instrumental? Provide an example.
Yes. Example: The Rwandan genocide was partly motivated by hatred and also by the desire to prevent Tutsis from holding political power.
What correlation did Anderson (1987) find in his study regarding heat and crime?
A significant correlation between the number of hot days (>32.2 °C) and the number of violent crimes.
How do seasons affect violent crime rates according to Anderson’s study?
There is an increase in violent crimes during the hottest season of the year.
Is the distribution of violent crimes in the southern hemisphere inverted compared to the northern hemisphere?
Yes, in Australia, summer accounts for a higher percentage of violent crimes compared to winter.
What is the relationship between climate change and civil conflicts?
Increased temperatures may exacerbate crises and conflicts, as shown by studies linking El Niño years to more civil conflicts.
What is an attribution error in the context of aggression and heat?
It is the misattribution of physiological arousal caused by heat to frustration in a situation.
How does exposure to media violence relate to aggressive behavior?
Studies show a link between violent behavior and exposure to violence in films and television.
What did Huesmann et al. (2003) find regarding children’s media consumption and later aggression?
Children who preferred violent shows at age 8 were twice as likely to commit serious crimes by age 30.
What is the consensus about violent video games and aggression?
There is a growing consensus that violent video games are linked to increased aggression and decreased prosocial behaviors.
What did Anderson & Dill (2000) discover about players of violent video games?
Participants who played violent games like Mortal Kombat inflicted more intense and longer punishments on opponents.
True or False: A meta-analysis by Joseph et al. (2017) found significant biases in previous studies on violent video games.
True.
What effect does social rejection have on aggression?
Social rejection increases susceptibility to aggression, as shown in studies where rejected individuals were more likely to aggress against others.
What parallels exist between social pain and physical pain?
Research shows that social rejection activates the same brain regions as physical pain, indicating a shared experience of distress.