Cours 3 cinétique de désintégration radioactive Flashcards

1
Q

Le nombre de désintégration 𝑑𝑁 suit l’équation

A

− 𝒅𝑵 = 𝝀. 𝑵(𝒕). 𝒅𝒕

𝒅𝑵/𝒅𝒕 = - 𝝀. 𝑵(𝒕)

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2
Q

solution equation dif nb desintegration

A

𝑵(𝒕) = No x exp (-𝝀t)

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3
Q

demie vie

A

T = ln (2) / 𝝀

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4
Q

N(t) avec T

A
N(t) = No 2^(-t/T)
N(t=nT)= No/2^n
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5
Q
τ : vie moyenne 
formule N(t) avec τ
A
τ = 1 / 𝝀
N(t) = No exp (-t/τ)
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6
Q

activité

A

nombre de désintégrations par unité de temps dans un
échantillon de N noyaux
A(t) = 𝝀 N(t) en Bq
A(t) = Ao exp (-𝝀t)

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7
Q

expresssion masse

A

m (t) = N(t) Mmol /Nav

= A(t) T/ln(2) Mmol/Nav

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8
Q

A(t=nT)

A

= Ao /2^n

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9
Q

Activité spécifique

A

rapport activité substance radioactive / quantité totale substance
souvent en MBq / mmol ou / unite de volume
diminue avec le temps

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10
Q

Période effective

A

1/Teff = 1/T + 1/Tbiologique

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11
Q

fillation radioactive

cas du fils stable

A

N2(t) = N10 (1-exp(-𝝀1t)

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12
Q
fillation radioactive 
cas du fils instable 
pour X2
N2
A2
A10
A

N2(t) = N10 𝝀1/𝝀2-𝝀1 (exp(𝝀1t) - exp(-𝝀2t))

A2(t) = 𝝀2N2 = A10 𝝀2/𝝀2-𝝀1 (exp(-𝝀1t) - exp(-𝝀2t))

A10 = 𝝀1N10

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13
Q

activité max X2

A

A2 (t=tm) = A1 (t=tm)

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14
Q

tm =

A

= ln (𝝀2) - ln (𝝀1) / 𝝀2 - 𝝀1

= 1/ln(2) x T1.T2/T1-T2 x ln (T1/T2)

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15
Q

cas ou T1 > T2

A

A2/A1 = 𝝀2 / 𝝀2 - 𝝀1 = T1 / T1-T2 = cst

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16
Q

cas ou T1&raquo_space; T2

A
exp (-𝝀1t) = 1
A2(t) = A10 (1-exp(-𝝀2t))
A1(t)= A10 
a tm A2=A1=A10
equilibre seculaire
17
Q

cas ou T1 &laquo_space;T2

A

exp (-𝝀1t) tend vers 0

A2(t) = A10 𝝀2/𝝀1-𝝀2 exp(-𝝀2t)