COUPLES: Are couples becoming more equal? Flashcards
What sociologists + (their keywords) argue that paid work is leading to equality
(5)
1) Young + Willmott - MOP
2) Gershuny - full-time working women
3) Sullivan - Trend of portion of work
4) Man Yee Kan - Generational shift
5) Arber + Gin - MC vs. WC
For (Cultural explanation) Gershuny - Keyword - What does he say - Give an example backing this up - Who can he be criticised directly by?
- Full time working women
WHAT: Women who are working full time = more equal division of labour in the home as they do less domestic work than other women
EXAMPLE: 1994, 79% of women did the laundry, 2012 thats gone down to 70%
WHO: Southerson - Inequality of leisure time
For
Sullivan - Keyword
- What did she argue
- Give an example backing this up
- Trend of portion of work
WHAT: Trend of women doing smaller portions of domestic work and men doing more ‘traditional’ womens work
EXAMPLE: 1994 1% of men cared for sick family members, 2012 risen to 5%
For (Cultural explanation)
Man Yee Kan - Keyword
- What did he argue
- Generational shift
WHAT: most men claimed to do more housework than their father and most women claimed to do less than their mother = a generational shift in attitudes and division of labour
What sociologists + (their keywords) argue against paid work leading to equality
(4)
1) Hoschild - Emotional work
2) Duncombe + Marsden - Triple shift
3) Southerson - Inequality of leisure time
4) Dunne - Lesbian couples
Against
Hoschild - Keyword
- What does he argue
Emotional work
WHAT: Women have to perform this role of managing the emotions of the family while also keeping their own in mind, and among working outside the home
Against
Duncombe + Marsden - Keyword
- What do they argue
- Triple shift
WHAT: Women have to perform a triple shift of house + paid + emotional work
Against
Southerson - Keyword
- What does she argue
Inequality of leisure time
WHAT: In a modern society and 24/7 jobs, quality time has now become a burden and more difficult for women
- Men and women have less equal amounts of leisure time; men have uninterrupted blocks, women tend to be constantly interrupted by domestic tasks or the children so women carry a dual burden instead of benefitting
Crompton and lyonette
- What did they argue about
- What 2 explanations did she give for their argument
- Explain these in detail
WHAT: Reasons for the unequal division of labour
EXPLANATIONS: Cultural (ideological) and material (or economic)
DETAIL: Cultural; labour is determined by patriarchy and its norms and values - women perform more work like society expects them to
Material; as women earn less than men generally = more likely to do housework while men spend more time spending money
Against
Dunne - Keyword
- What did she find
- Why did this happen, and relate this to heterosexual couples
- What view does this evidence support
- What, however, is still a limitation of this
- Lesbian couples
WHAT: Homosexual - particularly lesbian - couples had more symmetrical relationships
WHY: There was an absence of gender scripts for them, which often pressure heterosexual couples into traditional domestic tasks conforming to gender identities.
VIEW: The radical feminist view that men and women are inevitably patriarchal and women can only achieve equality in a same sex relationship
LIMITATION: Where one partner did more paid work caused unequal division of domestic labour - suggesting paid work still affects the division of labour even in same sex relationships
For (material explanation)
Arber + Gin
- What did they argue
- MC vs WC
WHAT: Because MC women are usually better paid, they have access to labour saving devices and assets like childcare = less domestic work they themselves have to do
Give a contemporary statistic for how many minutes men v women spend doing housework a day in the UK
Women do 132 minutes, versus mens 69 minutes
