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Pharm > Cough > Flashcards

Cough Flashcards

1
Q

Opioid antitussive name?

A

Codeine

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2
Q

ADR of codeine?

A

CNS - sedation, confusion

Respiratory depression - risk on overdose

Do not combine with other CNS depressants

Caution for elderly. More susceptible to sedation and confusion

Abuse potential at high dose.

Not for <18 yo

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3
Q

ADR of Dextromethorphan?

A

CNS - drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, excitement, nervousness

GIT - nausea, vomiting, stomachache

Abuse potential at high dose (dissociative anaesthetic-like effect)

Unrecommended <4 years old

Unrecommended for elderly, more susceptible to sedation and confusion.

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4
Q

ADR of Dextromethorphan?

A

CNS - drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, excitement, nervousness

GIT - nausea, vomiting, stomachache

Abuse potential at high dose (dissociative anaesthetic-like effect)

Unrecommended <4 years old

Unrecommended for elderly, more susceptible to sedation and confusion.

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5
Q

ADR of Diphenhydramine?

A

Sedative

Anticholinergic

Unrecommended for elderly, more prone to sedation and confusion

Anticholinergic effects can precipitate dementia

Banned for narrow-angle glaucoma.

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6
Q

Expectorant name?

A

Guaifenesin

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7
Q

ADR of expectorant?

A

GI disturbance, Nausea

Caution <6 years old

Banned <2 years old

Banned for persistent cough linked to asthma or smoking

Take adequate fluid to make secretions less viscous and protect renal function. Nephrolithiasis reported on overdose. “

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8
Q

MOA of expectorant?

A

Produce respiratory tract fluids to help liquefy and reduce viscosity of tenacious secretions

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9
Q

Mucolytic Names?

A

Acetylcysteine
Carbocisteine

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10
Q

Mucolytics MOA?

A

Free sulfhydryl group opens disulphide bonds in mucoproteins

Lowers mucous viscosity

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11
Q

ADR of Mucolytics?

A

Bronchospasm - Caution for asthma

Anaphylactoid reactions - rash, hypotension, dyspnea, wheezing

GI disturbance

Carbocisteine banned in patients with active peptic ulcer

Caution for elderly with respiratory insufficiency

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12
Q

Mucokinetic name?

A

Bromhexine

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13
Q

MOA of Bromhexine?

A

Promote mucous clearance

Increase ciliary beat frequency

Lower adherence of mucus to cilia

Stimulate surfactant production, lower mucus adherence to alveolar and bronchial walls

Antioxidant as free radical scavenger

Anti-inflammatory by decreasing cytokines

Suppress influenza virus multiplication

Local anaesthetic by blocking voltage-gated Sodium channel”

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14
Q

ADR of bromhexine?

A

Allergic reactions
Cutaneous adverse effects
Caution for asthma + peptic ulcer disease
Caution <6 years old
Banned <2 years old “

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15
Q

Mucoregulator name?

A

Ipratropium

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16
Q

MOA of ipratropium mucoregulator?

A

Short-acting Muscarinic Receptor antagonist (SAMA)

Block inflammation-induced parasympathetic cholinergic M3 receptor activation of submucosal glands/goblet cells

Lower stimulated mucus output and sputum volume

No effect on basal secretion and normal viscosity”

17
Q

Use of Ipratropium?

A

Control severe cold symptoms
Lower mucus hypersecretion from goblet cells and submucosal glands

18
Q

Mast cell stabilizer name?

A

Cromoglicic acid

19
Q

MOA of Mast cell stabilizer Cromoglicic acid?

A

Control Chloride channels to inhibit cellular activation

Reduce Mast cell degranulation induced by IgE-mediated FceRI crosslinking

Reduce inflammatory mediators from eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages

Secrete Annexin A1 which inhibits prostaglandin and leukotriene production from mast cells

20
Q

ADR of Mast cell stabilizer?

A

“1. Throat and nasal irritation, dry mouth, cough
2. Unpleasant/bitter taste”

21
Q

Decongestants names?

A

Sympathomimetic agents:

Phenylephrine
Oxymetazoline
Naphazoline
Pseudoephedrine
Ephedrine

Nasal glucocorticoid:
Fluticasone, Mometasone

22
Q

MOA of sympathomimetic agents?

A

Vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels
Reduce inflammation and mucus secretion

23
Q

ADR of sympathomimetic agents?

A

Rebound congestion - with prolonged topical intranasal use > few days

CNS stimulation - Restlessness, tremors, irritability, anxiety, insomnia

CVS - More likely with oral decongestants
Hypertension due to vasocontraction, Tachycardia (indirect sympathomimetics)

Dry mouth - Alpha 2 agonist effect on salivary gland

24
Q

MOA of Fluticasone and mometasone?

A

Anti inflammation
Reduce congestion and mucus secretions

25
Q

Uses of Codeine?

A

Most effective antitussive

26
Q

Uses of dextromethorphan?

A

For non-productive cough
Most effective non-opioid antitussive

27
Q

Uses of Dextromethorphan?

A

for non-productive cough
Most effective non-opioid antitussive

Pharm (20 decks)

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