corticomotor functino Flashcards
1
Q
Corticospinal tract
A
- origin = frontal lob and somatosensory complex
- Termination = Sensory (dorsal horn of spinal cord) and Motor ( direct through monosymaptic cxns or Indirect through interneurons)
- FUNCTION: Fine control to distal extremities and coarse regulation of proximal flexors
2
Q
Corticonuclear tract
A
- origin = primary motor cortex
- Term = cranial motor nerve nuclei
- Lots of functions!!!!
3
Q
Rubrospinal
A
- Origin = red nucleus
- Term = intermingle with fibers of lateral corticospinal tract
- FUNCTION: enable motor cortical area to suppress spinal reflex and spinal activity
- -> control mainly distal and proximal muscles of upper extremity
4
Q
tracts that control distal musculature
A
- Lateral corticospinal (fine control)
- rubrospinal
5
Q
Tracts that control axial and proximal musculature
A
- anterior/ventral corticospinal (coarse regualtion)
- rubrospinal
6
Q
Lesion in the corticospinal tract
A
- no spasticity
- no prlbems in response to quick stretch of invovled arm
- involved arms howed weakenss and slight hyper-reflexia
- extensor plantar reflex (babinski sign)
7
Q
Motor cortex
A
- brodmanns area 4
- control several different muscles taht work together to cause movement
- LESION would result in weakness (NOT PARALYSIS), spasticity occurs if other areas are damaged, persistent hypotonia, can cause permanent deficit in fine finger movements
8
Q
Premotor cortex
A
- bodmanns area 6,8
- role in visually guided movement, reaching and grasping,
- CONTAIN mirror neurons (used to repeating observed movements)
- LESION of the left premotor cortex can cause APRAXIAS
- -> apraxias can also be caused by dominant hemisphere lesion in posterior parietal cortex
9
Q
Supplementary motor area
A
- Function: planning or preparing for sequential motor acts and coordinating posture and voluntary movements
- LESION limits ability to perform complex tasks requiring both hands
- -> damage to input (via putamen) in parkinsons might be cause of difficulty pts have with self-initiating activity
10
Q
Posterior parietal cortex
A
- Brodmann’s area 5,7
- FUNCTION: interconnected with sensory and motor cortices and sends info to cerebellum via pontine nuclei
- LESION will result in CONTRALATERAL NEGLECT SYNDROME
- Lesion in dominant hemisphere can cause apraxia (inability to perform purposeful movements
11
Q
Frontal eye fields
A
- Part of brodmann area 8
- FUNCTION: influences eye movements through projections to vertical and horizontal gaze centers and superior colliculus
- -> important for voluntary and memory guided eye movements
- LESION: pts cannot voluntarily direct their eyes away from stimulus in their visual field
12
Q
Result of bilateral occlusion of anterior cerebral artery
A
- paraplegia affecting lower extremities, sparing face/hands
- incontinence
- abulic and motor aphasia
- frontal lobe symptoms: personality change, contralateral grasp reflex
13
Q
result of unilateral occlusion of anterior cerebral artery
A
- contralateral sensorimotor deficits mainly involving lower extremity w/ sparing of face and hands
14
Q
result losess caused by infarct of middle cerebral artery
A
- Brodmann’s area 4: hip, trunk, upper and lower extremity weakness, HYPOTONIA
- Hemiparesis with distal predominance
- faciobrachial paresis
- Hemianopsia = blindness inf 1/2 of visual field
- eye and head deviation towards side of infarct
15
Q
define monoplegia
A
- paralysis of one extremity, muscle or muscle area
