cerebral Flashcards
describe dominant hemisphere
- usually superior in analytical and logical thinking as expressed verbally and in numbers
- USUALLY THE LEFT HEMISPHERE (planum temporal is usually larger in the left hemispehre)
describe the non-dominant hemisphere
- usually superior in spatial abilities, the comprehension of complicated patterns (map reading and 3-D puzzles)
- Control of affective components of language (prosodic elements)
- Usually the RIGHT hemisphere
Brocas aphasia
- also called EXPRESSIVE/MOTOR aphasia
- Speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored and halting
- Intonation and stress patterns are deficient
- word comprehension is generally preserved
- “B for BROKEN”
Wenicke’s Aphasia
- Also called RECEPTIVE/SENSORY APHASIA
- Lack of ability to perceive the pitch, rhythm and emotional tone of voice
- speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect
- Comprehension and repetition are poor
- substitutions of one word for another
- “W for WORDY”
Conduction aphasia
- AKA Disruption aphasia
- Thought to be caused by a disruption in the fiber pathways connecting wernicke’s and broca’s areas
ANomic aphasia
- Problem recalling words or names
- has no problem describing what the object is for or what is can be used for, but cannot remember its name
- Global aphasia
- severe broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia combined
- Pts typically mute or use repetitive vocalizations
- may use simple words, such as expletives
- severe impairment of understanding and expression of language
define Neglect syndrom
- neurological condition in which after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, a deficit in the opposite side of space is observed
define personal neglect syndrome
- Damage in the right hemisphere Causes:
- -> deficit in self-image of the left side of the body
- -> patient might not wash or dress the affected side
- -> patient might deny left arm or leg is part of them (denial of part of the body contralateral to a brain lesion is VERBAL ASOMATOGNOSIA)
define Spatial neglect
Damage to the right hemisphere will cause:
- sensory neglect of extra personal space on one side
- problem copying the left side of drawing
- visuospatial taks performed by individuals with contralateral neglect syndrome
Asomatognosia
- inability to correctly identigy or orient the parts of ones body or the body of another
- VERBAL ASOMATOGNOSIA = pt verbally denies that a portion of their body belongs to them
Astereognosis
- The inability to determine the shape of an object by touching or feeling it
Describe affective components of language
- under control by non-dominant hemisphere
- Prosodic elements
- -> emotional voice quality/intonation of speech
- -> emotional gesturing
Abulia
- symptom of mental disorder involving impairment or loss of ability to choose/decide
- Akineticmutism
state of apparent alertness with normal eye movements, but no speech or other voluntary motion, usually due to a stroke
perseveration
the pathological, persistent repetition of a word, gesture or act often associated with Brain damage or schizophrenia
primitive reflexes
- those reflexes that appear and disappear in an expected order during infant development
- frontal release signs
- primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders affected the frontal lobes; appearance of signs reflex the area of brain dysfunction rather than a specific disorder when may be diffuse, such as dementia, or localized such as tumor
