cerebral

Question 1

describe dominant hemisphere

Answer 1

• usually superior in analytical and logical thinking as expressed verbally and in numbers
• USUALLY THE LEFT HEMISPHERE (planum temporal is usually larger in the left hemispehre)

Question 2

describe the non-dominant hemisphere

Answer 2

• usually superior in spatial abilities, the comprehension of complicated patterns (map reading and 3-D puzzles)
• Control of affective components of language (prosodic elements)
• Usually the RIGHT hemisphere

Question 3

Brocas aphasia

Answer 3

• also called EXPRESSIVE/MOTOR aphasia
• Speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored and halting
• Intonation and stress patterns are deficient
• word comprehension is generally preserved
• “B for BROKEN”

Question 4

Wenicke’s Aphasia

Answer 4

• Also called RECEPTIVE/SENSORY APHASIA
• Lack of ability to perceive the pitch, rhythm and emotional tone of voice
• speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect
• Comprehension and repetition are poor
• substitutions of one word for another
• “W for WORDY”

Question 5

Conduction aphasia

Answer 5

• AKA Disruption aphasia

- Thought to be caused by a disruption in the fiber pathways connecting wernicke’s and broca’s areas

Question 6

ANomic aphasia

Answer 6

• Problem recalling words or names

- has no problem describing what the object is for or what is can be used for, but cannot remember its name

Question 7

• Global aphasia

Answer 7

• severe broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia combined
• Pts typically mute or use repetitive vocalizations
• may use simple words, such as expletives
• severe impairment of understanding and expression of language

Question 8

define Neglect syndrom

Answer 8

• neurological condition in which after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, a deficit in the opposite side of space is observed

Question 9

define personal neglect syndrome

Answer 9

• Damage in the right hemisphere Causes:
• -> deficit in self-image of the left side of the body
• -> patient might not wash or dress the affected side
• -> patient might deny left arm or leg is part of them (denial of part of the body contralateral to a brain lesion is VERBAL ASOMATOGNOSIA)

Question 10

define Spatial neglect

Answer 10

Damage to the right hemisphere will cause:

• sensory neglect of extra personal space on one side
• problem copying the left side of drawing
• visuospatial taks performed by individuals with contralateral neglect syndrome

Question 11

Asomatognosia

Answer 11

• inability to correctly identigy or orient the parts of ones body or the body of another
• VERBAL ASOMATOGNOSIA = pt verbally denies that a portion of their body belongs to them

Question 12

Astereognosis

Answer 12

• The inability to determine the shape of an object by touching or feeling it

Question 13

Describe affective components of language

Answer 13

• under control by non-dominant hemisphere
• Prosodic elements
• -> emotional voice quality/intonation of speech
• -> emotional gesturing

Question 14

Abulia

Answer 14

• symptom of mental disorder involving impairment or loss of ability to choose/decide

Question 15

• Akineticmutism

Answer 15

state of apparent alertness with normal eye movements, but no speech or other voluntary motion, usually due to a stroke

Question 16

perseveration

Answer 16

the pathological, persistent repetition of a word, gesture or act often associated with Brain damage or schizophrenia

Question 17

primitive reflexes

Answer 17

• those reflexes that appear and disappear in an expected order during infant development

Question 18

• frontal release signs

Answer 18

• primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders affected the frontal lobes; appearance of signs reflex the area of brain dysfunction rather than a specific disorder when may be diffuse, such as dementia, or localized such as tumor