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MEDICAL PHYS EXAM FINAL > cerebellar function > Flashcards

cerebellar function Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define dysmetria

A
  • inability to accuretely control the range of movement in muscular acts
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2
Q

define hypermetria

A
  • an ataxic muscle disorder characterized by overreaching the intended object or goal
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3
Q

define ataxia

A
  • loss in coordination of the muscles, esp of extremities
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4
Q

define dysdiadochokinesia

A
  • impairment of the ability to make movements exhibiting a rapid change of motion that is caused by cerebellar dysfunction
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5
Q

define dysarthria

A
  • any of certain disorders of articulation, such as stammering or stuttering, caused by nerve deficit
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6
Q

define intention tremor

A

a tremor that occurs when voluntary movement is made

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7
Q

define nystagmus

A

a congenital or acquired persistent, rapid, involuntary and oscillatory movment of the eyeball, usually from side to side

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8
Q

define hypotonia

A
  • diminished resistance to passive movement
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9
Q

define synergy

A

cooperative action of two or more muscles, nerves or the like

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10
Q

define asynergia

A

defective coordination between parts, as muscles or limbs, that normally act in unison

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11
Q

define decomposition of movement

A

deterioration of controlled movements

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12
Q

define pendular knee jerk

A

results of insult to the cerebellum; not brisk, but involve less damping of the limb movement than is normally observed - may swing forward and backward several times (like a pendulum)

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13
Q

define titubation

A

tremor of entir trunk or head during stance and gait

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14
Q

define static tremor

A

tremor that occurs when muslces is at rest

- seen in parkinsons

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15
Q

describe input and output of vestibulocerebellum

A
  • INPUT =
  • -> primary afferents from vestibular labrynth and nuclei
  • -> indirect visual input from superior colliculi and striate cortex
  • OUTPUT =
  • -> mainly to vestibular nuclei and fastigial nucleus
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16
Q

describe the function of the vestibulocerebellum

A
  • control of eye movements and position of head

- regulate gait and posture especially through vestibulospinal reflexes

17
Q

describe a lesion/disease of vestibulocerebellum

A

RESULT IN:

  • -> ataxic gait (wide-based stance, legs move irregularly while walking, but accurate wile laying down)
  • -> eye movement disorders including a type of cerebellar nystagmus
18
Q

describe the input/output of spinocerebellum- VERMIS PORTION

A

INPUT:
–> somatosensory info from spinal cord (axial and proximal body parts)
–> vestibular inputs
–> facial, visual and auditory input to posterior lobe only
OUTPUT:
–> via fastigial nucleus to medial motor systems, vestibular nucleus and reticular formation
–> also motor cortex

19
Q

Describe the function of the spinocerebellum- VERMIS PORTION

A
  • Regulates AXIAL and PROXIMAL musculature

- concered with ONGOING MOTOR EXECUTION and regulation of MUSCLE TONE

20
Q

describe a lesion/disease to the spinocerebellum- VERMIS PORTION

A

RESULTS IN:

  • -> decreased muscle tone in proximal and axial musculature
  • -> problems with ongoing motor execution
21
Q

Describe the inputs/outputs of the spinocerebellum- PARAVERMAL regions

A

INPUT:
–> somatosensory info from distal body parts (limbs)
–> input from primary and somatic sensory cortex
OUTPUT:
–> via inopositus to lateral motor systems
–> RED nucleus and also to motor cortex

22
Q

FUNCTION of Sspinocerebellum- paravermal regions

A
  • REGULATES DISTAL MUSCLES
23
Q

Lesion/disease to spinocerebellum-paravermal region

A

RESULTS IN:

  • -> IPSILATERAL TO LESION
  • -> HYPOTONIA
24
Q

Describe input and output of cerebrocerebellum (aka pontocerebellum)

A

INPUTS:
–> corticoafferents via pontine nuclei
OUTPUTS:
–> DENTATE nucleus to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus and red nucleus
–> Ventral lateral thalamus then projects to premotor and primary motor cortex

25
Q

describe the function of the cerebrocerebellum

A
  • Role in preparation for movement
  • especially important for multi-joint movements
  • affect on patients ability to judge elapsed time in non-motor tasks
26
Q

Lesion/disease to cerebrocerebellum

A

RESULTS IN:

  • -> delays in initiating and terminating movements
  • -> problems with multi-joint movements
  • -> affect on patients ability to judge elapsed time in non-motor tasks (may actually show improvement with eyes closed
27
Q

Purkinje cells

A
  • Only cell to project oUT OF CEREBELLAR CORTEX
28
Q

granule

A
  • only excitatory cells in cerebellar cortex
29
Q

golgi

A
  • affect dendritic input to purkinje cells by inhibiting granule cells
30
Q

stellate cells

A

affect dendritic intergration of purkinje cells

31
Q

basket

A

makes inhibitory synapses near initial segment of purkinje cell axon

32
Q

Define MOSSY FIBER

A
  • Originate in spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, brianstem reticular formation, deep pontine nuclei
  • Effect on input to purkinje cell
  • -> DOESN”T DIRECTLY SYNAPSE on purkinje cell
  • -> sends excitatory signals to granule and golgi cell dendrites
  • -> granule cells then become parallel fibers, which makes excitatory synapses on purkinje cells
33
Q

Define climbing fibers

A
  • originate in inferior olibary nuclei
  • Effect of input to purkinje cell = each blimbing fiber ONLY SYNPASES ON ONE PURKINJE CELL, but that one cell makes MANY EXCITATORY SYNAPSES on the purkinje cell
34
Q

Alcoholism

A
  • Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency associated with long-term alcoholism
  • causes atrophy of anterior lobe of cerebellum
  • pts have difficulty walking and with leg control in generaly
  • control of arms and legs are less affected
35
Q

multiple sclerosis

A
  • demyelination of CNS
  • cerebellar systems commonly affected in patients with long term chronic MS
  • LESIONS may be in cerebellum itself, cerebellar peduncles or brainstem pathways afferent or efferent to the cerebellum
36
Q

Genetic disease/FREDERICH ATAXIA

A
  • recessive inherited progressive spinocerebellar ataxia
  • caused by an expanded repetition of the trinucleotide GAA in a gene on chromosome 9
  • may also be inherited dominantly due to different expanded triplet repeat (CAG)
37
Q

NEOPLASTIC DISEASE

A
  • primary tumors/metastic disease

MEDICAL PHYS EXAM FINAL (14 decks)

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