cor 010 Flashcards
Serious disruption occurring over a short or long period that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its resources.
DISASTER
Serious disruption of car
DISASTER
natural phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, environmental damage, etc.
NATURAL DISASTER
are the consequences of technological or human hazards.
HUMAN MADE DISASTERS
an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
FLOOD
.a large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor.
TSUNAMI
a natural disaster of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged strategies in the water supply, weather atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
DROUGHT
a range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows.
LANDSLIDE
the release of hot magma, volcanic ash and/or gases from a volcano.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
SINKHOLE
severe winter storms characterized by heavy snow and strong winds.
HAILSTORM
a sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks.
EARTHQUAKE
a phenomenon where the Sun releases a sudden, intense burst of solar radiation, exceeding its usual level.
SOLAR FLARE
even with strict building fire codes, people still perish needlessly in fires.
FIRE (URBAN)
The escape of solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property or the environment, from their intended controlled environment such as a container.
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
An event involving significant release of radioactivity to the environment and which leads to major undesirable consequences to people, the environment, or the facility.
NUCLEAR AND RADIATION INCIDENTS
it is a potentially destructive physical phenomenon, event, or human activity.
HAZARD
state of being exposed to hazards. The communities that reside in hazard-prone areas are more exposed to such hazards and their effects. “ELEMENTS AT RISK”
EXPOSURE
it refers to the lack of capacity to flee from hazard exposure.
VULNERABILITY -
These are the basic factors that help a community reduce its vulnerabilities, prevent risks, and recover from disasters.
CAPACITY
When combined, Hazards and Vulnerability result in Risks, threatening people’s lives and assets.
RISK
increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
CLIMATE CHANG
It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
It resulted in increased polarization herween the rich and poor on a global scale
CLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes that further disaster risk related poverty are permeated with inequality.
POVERTY
A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.
POORLY-PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basie services and public services.
WEAK GOVERNANCE
-It is the culmination of risks that cause global negative consequences on the lives and assets of vulnerable and exposed people, resulting in injuries, deaths, property damage, environmental degradation, and disruption of livelihoods and economic activities.
DISASTER
A dangerous situation needing to be heeded because it can lead to a disaster.
HAZARD
A threat that can be managed by observing warning signs and keeping in harmony with the environment.
HAZARD
are known to have specific warnings usually man-made to prevent disastrous events,
HAZARD
are not used to describe everyday mishaps. They are specific occurrences and danger areas with appropriate warning signs.
HAZARD
A dangerous situation that has become out ofcontrol and is a disaster.
DISASTER
An international danger and threat to humanity that needs intervention to bring the situation under control.
DISASTER
are the outcomes of hazards when warning signs were ignored.
DISASTER
is the result of a hazard but at the same time is also a hazardous event
DISASTER
, although in literal terms are more severe than hazards are used to describe events that are not literally of a disastrous nature but rather an idiomatic use of the word
DISASTER
describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make itsusceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
VULNERABILITY
May be determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing
.PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY
Refers to the inability of people to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, etc.
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and education, the existence of peace and security, access to basic human rights, systems of good governance etc
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being negatively impacted by disasters.
ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY
Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of environmental vulnerability.
ENVIRONMENTAL
VULNERABILITY
is the probability of harmful consequences or expected loss of lives, people injured, livelihoods, disruption of economic activities, and damages to the environment as a result of interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable/capable con
RISK
can be defined as a composite of the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability associated with an event. If any of the three factors is magnified, then the total risk increases, sometimes nonlinearly
RISK TRIANGLE
An event or occurrence that has the potential for causing injury to life, property and environment; although, at times, hazard has been ascribed the same meaning as risk, currently it is widely accepted that it is a component of risk and not risk itself.
HAZARD
Refers to the “elements at risk” from a natural or man-made hazard event; it is a necessary, but not sufficient, determinant of risk.
It is possible to be exposed but not vulnerable.
EXPOSURE
Comprises conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community, school, or certain area in a locality to the impact of hazards. To be vulnerable to a hazard, it is necessary to also be exposed
VULNERABILITY
is a potentially destructive physical phenomenon, event, or human activity.
HAZARD
these comprise volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and dry landslides.
GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS
these comprise wet landslide, floods, and inundations.
HYDROLOGOCAL HAZARDS
these include storms, hurricanes, cyclones, excessive rain, and typhoons.
METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
include droughts, extreme temperatures, fires, and heat/cold waves.
CLIMATOLOGICAL HAZARD
such as insect infestations, epidemics, and animal stampedes.
HAZARDS CAUSED BY BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
such as chemical, nuclear, industrial, and technological hazards.
HAZARDS INDUCED BY HUMAN BEINGS
an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property
GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
caused by extreme meteorological and climate events.
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
include things that can interfere with the body’s ability to transport and utilize oxygen, or that have negative toxicological effects on the human body.
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS
events that could cause widespread loss of life, or significant environmental harm, resulting also in major reputational or financial damage.
CATASTROPHIC HAZARDS
occur quickly and with little warning.
RAPID ONSET HAZARDS
occur slowly and may take years to develop
SLOW ONSET HAZARDS
occur as a result of the process itself. For example, ground shaking during an earthquake, thunders during thunderstorm, and high sea waves during tsunami.
PRIMARY EFFECTS
occur only because a primary effect has caused them. For example, fires ignited as a result of earthquakes, disruption of electrical power and water service as a result of an earthquake, flood, or flooding caused by a landslide into lake or river and tsunami because of earthquake.
SECONDARY EFFECTS
are long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event. These include loss of habitat caused by a flood, permanent changes in the position of river channel caused by flood, crop failure caused by a volcanic eruption etc.
TERTIARY EFFECTS
Death of people
Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure
PHYSICAL IMPACT
Loss of property
Infrastructure caused by an earthquake
Loss of job due displacement
ECONOMIC IMPACT
Loss of life
Injuries
Physical and psychological health issue
SOCIAL IMPACT
Damage to ecosystem
Disturbances of biodiversity
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
Mental disorder developed from consumption of contaminated foods
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT
downward movement
NORMAL
upward movement
REVERSE (THRUST)
two blocks slide past one another, sideways
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
It occurs when two plates slide apart, forming a narrow rift valley. Here, geysers gush out super-heated water and magma, or molten rock that rises from the mantle and solidifies into basalt, forming a new crust.
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
*compose of HEV
*It is the probability of harmful consequences or losses, including lives, injuries, livelihood economic disruption, and environmental damage, due to the interaction of hazards and vulnerable conditions.
RISK
It refers to the PROPENSITY of exposed elements such as human beings, their livelihoods, and assets to suffer adverse effects when impacted by hazard events
VULNERABILTY
is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
EARTHQUAKE
It is caused by a sudden slip on a fault.
EARTHQUAKE
The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction.
EARTHQUAKE
When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel
EARTHQUAKE
The first main earthquake hazard is the effect of ground shaking. Ground shaking describes the vibration of the ground during an earthquake.
GROUND SHAKING
Generally, occurs only along the fault zone that moves during the earthquake, and is thus a primary effect?
FAULTING AND GROUND RUPTURE
It is the mixing of sand or soil and groundwater (water underground) during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake. When the water and soil are mixed, the ground becomes very soft and acts similar to quicksand
LIQUEFACTION
A secondary or tertiary effect that is caused by faulting. Earthquakes may cause both uplift and subsidence of the land surface. If a structure (a building, road, etc.)
GROUND DISPLACEMENT
is built across a fault, the ground displacement during an earthquake could seriously damage or rip apart that structure.
TSUNAMI
It is what most people call a tidal wave, but it has nothing to do with the tides on the ocean. It is a huge wave caused by an earthquake under the ocean.
LANDSLIDES
In mountainous regions subjected to earthquakes ground shaking may trigger landslides, rock and debris falls, rock and debris slides, slumps, and debris avalanches. These are secondary effects
FIRES
These fires can be started by broken gas lines and power lines, or tipped over wood or coal stoves. They can be a serious problem, especially if the water lines that feed the fire hydrants are broken, too.
FIRES
is a fracture or crack where two rock blocks slide past one to another. If this movement may occur rapidly, it can be causes earthquake or slowly, in the form of creep.
FAULT
Movement of the rock underground
Caused by tectonic plates, tectonic forces
FAULT
generally occur in places where the lithosphere is being stretched. Consequently, there are the chief structural components of many sedimentary rift basins (e.g. the North Sea) where they have a major significance for hydrocarbon exploration.
NORMAL FAULTS
The hanging wall is moving downward.
NORMAL FAULTS
A type of fault which the hanging. wall moves upward relative to the foot wall. This type of faulting is common in areas of compression, When the dip angle is shallow, a reverse fault is often described as a thrust fault.
REVERSE FAULT
It is a generally vertical fault where the two sides pass horizontally past each other. If the block opposite an observer facing the fault moves to the right, the shift style is called “right lateral. If the block moves to the left, the movement is called “left lateral. A fault on which the two blocks slide past one another.
The San Andreas Fault is an example of a right lateral fault.
It moves vertical, sometimes horizontal
STRIKE SLIP FAULT
A fault occurs when the fault plane is at an angle but the motion along the fault is both horizontal and vertical Combination of vertical and horizontal movements (sideways)
OBLIQUE FAULT
It occurs when two plates slide apart, forming a narrow rift valley. Here, geysers gush out super-heated water and magma, or molten rock that rises from the mantle and solidifies into basalt, forming a new crust.
DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
moves away / moves apart.
2.CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
collides It occurs when plates collide with one another
3.TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
The collision bulges the edge of one or both plates, forming a mountain range or causing subduction of one of the plates under the other, creating a deep seafloor trench
Tsunamis
sideways It occurs when plates move sideways to each other.
The slip-sliding motion of plate boundaries triggers many earthquakes.
Tsunamis
It is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Tsunamis
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
Tsunamis
is a land form that has crater or vent where the magma or molten rock, pieces of hot solid rock, and hot gases are formed inside the Earth when the upper crust or the lower crust melts.
VOLCANO
magma or molten rocks burst out through its crater, and that happens during a Volcanic Eruption- one of the natural disasters that people are afraid to encounter.
LAVA
a slipping of a slope or cliff that causes large amounts of rock and soil to collapse
LANDSLIDE
are defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope and have come to include broad range of motions whereby falling, sliding, and flowing under the influence of gravity dislodges earth material
LANDSLIDE
occurs when an earthquake floods/prolonged rainfall, or volcanic eruption occurs.
LANDSLIDE
Gravity, Geological factors, Heavy and prolonged rainfall, Earthquakes, Forest fire, Volcanoes / Volcanic Eruption, Waves, Freezing and Thawing
NATURAL LANDSLIDE
Inappropriate drainage system Cutting and deed excavation on slopes for buildings, roads, canals and mining Change in slope/land use pattern, deforestation, settlements, agricultural practices on steep slope
ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS
- Quickly move out the path of the landslide or debris flow
- If inside the building and there’s no possible way to scape, protect your head and take cover under a desk, table or other sturdy furniture
WHAT TO DO DURING LANDSLIDE
1.Check for injured or trapped person without enter the slide and assist rescuers
2.Help vulnerable group persons in neighborhood for emergency assistance
3.Listen to local radio or television stations
4.Be alert for flooding which may occur after a landslide or debris flow
5.Report damaged utility lines to authorities
6.Replant damage ground
7.Seek professional advice for evaluation of landslide hazard and reducing landslide risk
WHAT TO DO AFTER A LANDSLIDE?
Springs, seeps or saturated ground in areas that are not usually wet.
New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground, street or sidewalks.
Soil moving away from foundations, or the tilting or cracking of concrete floors and foundations.
Sunken or down-dropped road beds.
Rapid increase in creek water levels, possibly accompanied by increased soil content.
A sudden decrease in creek water levels even though rain is still falling or just recently stopped.
Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together, might indicate moving debris
LANDSLIDE WARNING SIGNS
also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline,
SINKHOLE
is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
SINKHOLE
Most are caused by karst processes - the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffusion processes.
SINKHOLE
develop quickly in a matter of hours and cause catastrophic damage
COVER-COLLAPSED SINKHOLES
forms slowly overtime with the ground gradually subsiding or deflating (types of events can go unnoticed or undetected)
COVER-SUBSIDENCE SINKHOLES
1.Check country offices, local or state geological surveys
2.Redirecting or blocking source of water
3.Avoid construction on wetlands
4.Sea water treatment
5.Recycling gray water run-offs
6.Avoid human activities that can form sinkholes such as old mines, leaky faucets, ground water pumping, aquifer system, etc.
WHAT WILL BE THE SOLUTIONS FOR SINKHOLES
Trees or fence posts that tilt or fall
Foundations that slant
New small ponds that appear after rain
Cracks in the ground
Sudden drainage of a pond
Rapid appearance of a hole in the ground
Dips, depressions, slopes that appear in a yard
Dead patches of grass or plants
Sinkholes in the neighborhood, etc.
SINKHOLES WARNING SIGNS
