app 005 Flashcards
What is research?
A process or way for us to learn and find answers in our everyday questions.
The goal is to give answers or solve a problem.
What does research design refer to?
The overall strategy that integrates different components of the study in a logical way.
It structures the framework for conducting the study.
What is the clarity of purpose in research design?
Defines the objectives and goals of the study.
What does methodological rigor specify?
Specifies the methods and procedures to be followed.
What is feasibility in research design?
Ensures that the study can be conducted within available resources and constraints.
What do validity and reliability ensure in research?
Ensures that the research accurately measures what it is intended to measure and produces consistent results.
What is quantitative research?
Involves analyzing and gathering numerical data to uncover trends and evaluate relationships.
What is mixed methods research?
Combines elements of quantitative research and qualitative research to answer research questions.
What characterizes qualitative research?
Collects non-numerical data through methods like observational methods and interviews.
What is the purpose of qualitative research?
To obtain detailed answers to questions and explain how and why something happens.
What does naturalistic design refer to in qualitative research?
Studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally.
What does emergent design allow in qualitative research?
Acceptance of adapting inquiry as understanding deepens and situations change.
What is purposeful sampling in qualitative research?
Sampling aimed at insight about the phenomenon, not empirical generalization.
What are research ethics?
A set of rules that researchers need to follow governing behavior and expectations.
What does honesty in research ethics entail?
Reporting data, results, methods, and procedures accurately.
What is objectivity in research ethics?
Striving to avoid bias in various aspects of research.
What does integrity in research ethics require?
Keeping promises and agreements and acting with sincerity.
What is carefulness in research ethics?
Avoiding careless errors and critically examining one’s own work.
What does openness in research ethics promote?
Sharing data, results, ideas, and being open to criticism.
What does respect for intellectual property involve?
Honoring patents and copyrights and giving credit where due.
What is confidentiality in research ethics?
Protecting confidential communications and sensitive information.
What does social responsibility in research ethics entail?
Promoting social good and preventing social harms through research.
What is competence in research ethics?
Maintaining and improving professional competence through lifelong education.
What is legality in research ethics?
Knowing and obeying relevant laws and policies.
What is subjects protection in research ethics?
Minimizing harms and maximizing benefits when conducting research on human subjects.
What is ethnography in qualitative research?
Immersing in the target participants’ environment to understand their culture and motivations.
What does narrative research focus on?
Weaving together a sequence of events from individuals to form a cohesive story.
What is phenomenological research?
Understanding the meaning participants assign to their experiences.
What does grounded theory aim to provide?
An explanation or theory behind events based on empirical data.
What is a case study in qualitative research?
A deep understanding through multiple types of data sources.
What is a research topic?
A subject or issue that a researcher is interested in investigating.
What is a research title?
A brief description of the contents and purpose of the research paper.
What is a research problem?
A statement about an area of concern that points to the need for investigation.
What is the significance of the study?
It emphasizes how the research aims to fill gaps in knowledge.
What are primary sources?
Direct or firsthand evidence about an event or object.
What are secondary sources?
Sources that analyze, evaluate, or summarize primary sources.
What is the difference between introduction and background in research?
Introduction provides an overview while background provides overall data about the study.
What does the statement of the problem define?
It is the first main step in writing the research paper.
What is the definition of terms section?
An alphabetical list of important terms or acronyms used in a special way.
What are limitations of the study?
Characteristics that impact the interpretation of findings.
What does scope refer to in research?
The actual place, duration, variables, and respondents involved in the study.
What is grounded theory research design?
A methodology used to develop theories grounded in empirical data.
What does narrative research design focus on?
Exploring and interpreting stories and experiences shared by individuals.
What is the concept of sampling?
Choosing a sample of individuals to represent the population.
What is random sampling?
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is stratified sampling?
Dividing the population into subgroups and randomly selecting samples from each.
What is cluster sampling?
Dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters.
What is simple random sampling?
A technique that minimizes bias and ensures each member of the population has an equal opportunity to be included in the sample.
Define stratified sampling.
Dividing the population into distinct subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics and randomly selecting samples from each stratum.
What is cluster sampling?
Dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters to be included in the sample.
Describe systematic sampling.
Selecting every nth individual from a list of the population members after a random starting point is chosen.
What does convenience sampling involve?
Selecting individuals who are readily available and accessible to the researcher.
Define snowball sampling.
Recruiting participants through referrals from existing participants, useful for studying hard-to-reach populations.
What is purposive sampling?
Selecting participants based on specific criteria or characteristics relevant to the research question.
Explain quota sampling.
Setting quotas for certain demographic characteristics and purposively sampling individuals to meet these quotas.
What is the first step in sampling?
Identify the population of interest.
What should you specify in a sampling frame?
Who you want to include in your study.
What are the two approaches to determine sample size?
Determining based on saturation point or type of research approach.
What is primary data?
First-hand information based on actual experiences or observations.
Define secondary data.
Data gathered from secondary sources, not obtained directly by the researcher.
What are data collection instruments?
Tools used to gather primary data during research.
What is a structured interview?
An interview with a set of predetermined questions.
Describe an unstructured interview.
An interview without predetermined questions, guided by an outline.
What characterizes a semi-structured interview?
A mix of structured and unstructured approaches, allowing follow-up questions.
What is naturalistic observation?
Observing the behavior of a group in their natural setting.
Define participative observation.
The researcher participates in the activities of the group being observed.
What is non-naturalistic observation?
Observing respondents in an environment chosen by the researcher.
What are closed-ended questionnaires?
Questionnaires with predetermined response options, usually for statistical analysis.
Describe open-ended questionnaires.
Questionnaires allowing respondents to express their views in their own words.
What is a focus group discussion?
A method where groups of people discuss topics guided by the researcher.
What is a code in qualitative research?
A word or phrase that captures an essence of language-based or visual data.
Define pattern in the context of qualitative research.
Something that occurs in a regular and repeated way.
What is a theme in qualitative data?
A category that groups similar issues and ideas expressed by participants.
List the six steps in thematic analysis.
- Familiarization with the data
- Coding
- Searching for themes
- Reviewing themes
- Defining and naming themes
- Writing up.
What is qualitative data analysis?
An ongoing process involving identification, examination, and interpretation of patterns and themes in the data.
What does it mean to clean your data?
Going through your data to identify and correct errors.
Fill in the blank: The phase of thematic analysis where you identify significant broader patterns is called _______.
[Searching for themes]
