Copper Flashcards
what are some good food sources of copper? (multiple answers)
a. organ meats
b. eggs
c. nuts
d. seeds
e. kale
f. legumes
g. shellfish
h. dried fruits
a,c,d,f,g,h
T/F birth control may lower copper concentration in the body
False, it may increase copper concentration
what amount is the upper limit of copper?
10mg
T/F excessive zinc consumption make lower copper concentrations
True
Which of these diseases may cause a deficiency in copper?
a. Gallbladder disease
b. Pancreatitis
c. Liver disease
d. Kidney disease
d
What is the name used for Cu2+?
Cupric
What is the name used for Cu1+?
Cuprous
Which transporter is specific to cupric?
DMT1
Which transporter is specific to cuprous?
Ctr1 (hCtr)
What is most copper reduced to before absorption?
Cuprous
T/F copper can passively diffuse into a cell
True
When copper binds to a ligand, it can be transported into the cell by hCtr or ____
excreted
Which proteins direct copper for use within the cell? (multiple answers)
a. glutathione
b. COX17
c. COX15
d. glucagon
e. Cytochrome c oxidase synthesis
f. P-type ATP-ase ATP7A
g. Atox1
a,b,e,g
Cuprous is stored in the cell as?
metallothionein
what enzyme actively transports cuprous out of the cell and into the blood?
P-type ATP-ase ATP7A
In the blood, which of these transporters can copper bind to? (multiple answers)
a. albumin
b. globulin
c. cupormin
d. transcuprein
e. histidine
f. metallic-heme complex
g. cysteine
a,d,e,g
Which of these enhances copper absorption?
a. amino acids
b. organic acids (except vitamin C)
c. oxalic acid
d. a and b
e. b and c
d
What vitamin should you not take with a copper supplement?
Vitamin C
Which of these inhibits copper absorption? (multiple answers)
a. phytate
b. potassium
c. zinc
d. iron
e. duodenum
f. molybdenum
g. acetaminophen and NSAIDs
h. antacids/high pH
i. calcium and phosphorus
a,c,d,f,h,i
in the liver, copper binds to metallothionein which combines with what? what is the resulting formation? what does the resulting formation do?
apoceruloplasmin
ceruloplasmin
delivers copper to tissues
Metallothionein can store up to how many copper atoms?
12
T/F copper can be stored in the liver, brain and kidneys
True
T/F copper can be stored as free copper (not bound to anything)
False
What is the primary way copper is excreted?
through bile
what enzyme eliminates copper from a cell?
P-type ATPase ATP7B
Copper deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia because?
a. without copper, Fe3+ is not reduced to Fe2+ by duodenal cytochrome b reductase and iron cannot bind to DMT1
b. without copper-mediated intracellular reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, iron cannot be stored as a complex with mobliferrin in the enterocyte
c. without copper, Fe2+ is not oxidized to Fe3+ during ferroportin-mediated efflux of iron
d. copper is needed for mobliferrin production
c
what causes Wilson’s disease?
mutation in ATP7B where cells can intake copper but not export copper
what does Wilson’s disease cause in the eye?
Keiser-Fleisher ring
What causes Menke’s disease?
mutation in ATP7A where copper in cell can’t distribute to other organs
What does Menke’s disease do to the hair?
makes it fuzzy/steely
how can you treat Menke’s disease?
IV copper so it can distribute to organs via bloodstream
whats RDA for adults?
900 microcrams
