Anti-Obesity Agents Flashcards
Why are non-nutritive sweeteners a great alternative to regular sugar?
reduce intake of high sugar to help with weight management
what is Saccharin and what year was it synthesized?
an artificial sugar, in 1878.
what is Cyclamate and what year was it synthesized? why was it banned by the FDA?
an artificial sugar, in 1937
concerns of bladder cancer
which two organic structures make up aspartame?
aspartic acid and phenylalanine
aspartame is broken down into what?
aspartic acid and phenylacetate
why is aspartame dangerous to give someone with phenylketonuria?
they cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine
what is Neotame? is it approved for consumption?
an artificial sugar, no
what is Acesulfane-K? what is it usually put into?
an artificial sugar, beverages
what is sucralose (splenda)? when was it FDA approved?
an artificial sugar, 1999
what is Xylitol? what is it often put into?
a reduced calorie sweetener
chewing gum
what is Olestra?
sucrose esterified with stearic acid
what is Orlistat? what does it do?
an irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. prevents metabolism of fat
what do anorexiants do to CNS? what are they generally used to do?
stimulate CNS
they suppress your appetite
length of therapy for anorexiants should not exceed what duration?
6 months
what do sympathomimetic amines (adrenergic agents) do? (multiple answers)
a. release norepinephrine
b. block reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synaps
c. release adrenaline
d. stimulate the CNS
e. inhibit gastric emptying
a,b,d
what is a common side effect from amphetamines? (in regards to use in anti-obesity treatment)
appetite suppression
what is phentermine?
weight-loss agent which decreases appetite
what is mazindol?
appetite suppressant used for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes
fenfluramine was a popular appetite suppressant, but why was it withdrawn from the market?
due to concerns over heart valve disease
what is sibutramine and why was it withdrawn from the market?
inhibitor of NT reuptake and stimulation of thermogenesis
withdrawn due to concerns of cardiovascular disease
what drug class is lorcaserin and why was it removed from market?
5-HT2c receptor agonist
increased risk of cancer
what do Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists do? (multiple answers)
a. increase insulin secretion
b. decrease glucagon secretion
c. promote gastric emptying
d. inhibit gastric emptying
e. increase satiety
f. prevent metabolism of glucose
a,d,e
what type of diabetes does liraglutide treat? what is its route of administration? what is its drug class?
type 2
subcutaneous injection
GLP-1 receptor agonist
what do Sodium-Glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors do? (multiple answers)
a. inhibit insulin reuptake from liver
b. inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidney
c. causes weight loss by loss of calories in urine
d. lowers blood sugar by preventing glucose from entering the bloodstream
e. causes loss of glucose in the urine
f. causes a diuretic effect
g. causes oliguria
b,c,e,f
Canaglifozin and dapaglifozin are two examples of what drug class?
SGLT-2 inhibitor
what did 2,4-Dinitrophenol do that was causing people to die after taking it?
energy was converted into heat instead of ATP causing body temperature to increase and overheat
patients diagnosed with obesity and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis should not receive which co-medication?
a. Orlistat and ibuprofen
b. canagliflozin and ibuprofen
c. lorcaserin and naproxen
d. phentermine and prednisolone
d
anti-obesity drugs available in the US are least likely to act by which mechanism?
a. increasing thermogenesis
b. adrenergic activity
c. serotonergic activity
d. decreasing gastric emptying
a
which anti-epileptic drug is most strongly associated with weight gain?
a. topiramate
b. zonisamide
c. valproic acid
d. phenytoin
c
which effect is least likely to result from treatment with the anti-obesity drug liraglutide?
a. inhibition of gastric emptying
b. increase of insulin secretion from the pancreas
c. increase of satiety by acting on the central nervous system
d. inhibition of gastric acid secretion
e. inhibition of glucose reabsorption in the kidney
e
in patients with uncontrolled hypertension or history of heart disease, it was recommended that:
a. phentermine should not be used as treatment
b. diethylpropion should not be used as treatment
c. lipitor should not be used as treatment
d. phenylalanine should not be used as treatment
e. a and b only
f. b and d only
g. all of the above
e
