COPD

Question 1

chronic bronchitits develops due to inflammation within the airways, which causes?

Answer 1

fibrosis of bronchiole walls
airway oedema
broncho constriction
mucous hypersecretion

Question 2

is narrowing of the airways reversible?

Answer 2

not fully

Question 3

chronic bronchitis defined as productive cough on most days for greater than 3 months of how many successive years?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

emphysema can be caused by which deficiency?

Answer 4

alpha 1 anti trypsin

Question 5

inflammation in emphysema results from ?

Answer 5

release of enzymes which break down alveolar walls and capillaries

Question 6

what is barrel chest due to?

Answer 6

hyperinflation

Question 7

in pink puffer, how are near normal oxygen and co2 maintained?

Answer 7

hyperventilation

Question 8

typical features of pink puffers?

Answer 8

pink complexion, as not really cyanosed 
hyperventilation with use of accessory muscles, leaning forward 
mild cough 
thin and cahexic 
reduced breath sounds on auscultation

Question 9

blue bloaters (bronchitis)

Answer 9

airways are narrower 
increased cardiac output 
V/Q mismatch
low O2 and high CO2 
hypoxia results in pulmonary hypertension and eventually cor pulmonale

Question 10

why do you get for pulmonale

Answer 10

increased cardiac output due to hypoxia which causes pulmonary hypertension and for pulmonate

Question 11

typical features of blue bloaters?

Answer 11

blue complexion
not breathless
cough with lots of sputum
whee on auscultation

Question 12

main driver of respiration in these patients is?

Answer 12

hypoxia

Question 13

treatment of mild COPD?

Answer 13

salbutamol

ipratropium

Question 14

moderte

Answer 14

ipratropium
salmoetarol or tiotropium + ICS
consider oral theophylline

Question 15

severe

Answer 15

tiotropium
salmeterol + ICS
oral steroids

Question 16

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 16

long term oxygen therapy