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General Medicine > Cardiology Notes > Flashcards

Cardiology Notes Flashcards

1
Q

chest pain relieved by sitting up and leaning forward?

A

pericarditis

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2
Q

what sort of symptoms would you get in pericarditis?

A

non productive cough, dyspnoea, flu like symptoms

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3
Q

pericarditis on ECG?

A

saddle shaped ST elevation, PR depression

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4
Q

when would a patient typically get pericarditis?

A

2-10 weeks post MI

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5
Q

what is the triad of symptoms in Dresslers syndrome

A

triad of fever, pleuritic chest pain and pericardial effusion

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6
Q

which valve is affected in IV drug users in endocarditis?

A

tricuspid

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7
Q

what is the criteria for classification of endocarditis

A

Duke

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8
Q

signs and symptoms (from jane)

A 
fever 
roth spots 
oslers nodes 
murmur 
janeway lesions 
anaemia 
nails (splinter haemorrhages) 
emboli
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9
Q

Investigations (BBUCE)

A 
Blood cultures (3 separate cultures from 3 peripheral sites 
Bloods for anaemia 
Urinalysis (macroscopic haematuria) 
CXR 
Echo
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10
Q

native valve tx

A

amox and gent

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11
Q

native valve severe sepsis

A

flucloxacillin

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12
Q

prosthetic valve (or suspected MRSA)?

A

Vancomycin + Rifampicin + Gent

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13
Q

Native valve severe sepsis and risk factors for resistant pathogens

A

Vancomycin IV + Meropenem IV

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14
Q

complications of endocarditis?

A 
HAAES 
Heart failure 
Arrythmia 
Abcess formation in cardiac muscle 
embolic formation
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15
Q

what do you give to someone with a heart rate of less than 40 or symptomatic bradycardia?

A

IV atropine

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16
Q

what is definition of SVT?

A

narrow complex tachycardia (>100bpm, qrs <0.12s)

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17
Q

what manouvre can you do in SVT?

A

valsalva manouvre

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18
Q

what do you give in SVT after the valsalva manoeuvre?

A

IV adenosine or verapamil

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19
Q

what maintenance therapy do you give?

A

bbs or verapamil

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20
Q

AF, what wave missing on ECG?

A

P wave

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21
Q

saw tooth baseline at 150bpm?

A

atrial flutter

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22
Q

treatment for pre excited AF

A

flecainide

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23
Q

the two shockable rhythms ?

A

VF and pulseless VT

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24
Q

broad complex tachycardia?

A

vt

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25
Q

acute management of vt?

A

iv amiodarone

26
Q

o Congenital accessory conduction pathway between atria and ventricles

27
Q

what wave do you see on ECG?

A

delta wave

28
Q

what is the treatment of WFW?

A

requires ablation

29
Q

what is holiday heart syndrome?

A

binge drinking in person without any clinical evidence of heart disease

30
Q

slow rising pulse

A

aortic stenosis

31
Q

collapsing pulse?

A

aortic regurg

32
Q

bounding pulse?

A

acute CO2 retention

33
Q

radiofemoral delay

A

coarctation of aorta

34
Q

jerky pulse?

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopahty

35
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

contrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade

36
Q

systolic pressure drops > 10 Hg with inspiration ?

A

pulsus paradoxus

37
Q

how does conns cause hypertension ?

A

Increased aldosterone, causing increased salt and water retention. Potassium goes down

38
Q

what is the effect of aldosterone on sodium and potassium ?

A

causes increased (retention) of sodium and decreased potassium

39
Q

normal and abnormal Bps?

A 
♣	Normal  <120 / <80 
♣	Pre-hypertension  120-139 / 80 – 89 
♣	Stage 1  140-159 / 90 – 99 
♣	Stage 2  160-179 / 100-109 
♣	Severe  ≥180 / ≥110
40
Q

ECG change in hypertension ?

41
Q

how do you treat resistant hypetension ?

A

higher doses of thiazide or spironolactone

42
Q

what can you add if diuretic is insufficient in treating hypertension ?

A

alpha or beta blocker

43
Q

rib notchin in babies on CXR?

A

coarctation of aorta

44
Q

tetrallogy of fallot?

A 
PROVe 
pulmonary stenosis 
ventr septal defect 
over riding aorta 
RV hypertrophy
45
Q

cyanosis on first day of life? boot shaped heart?

A

tetralogy of fallot

46
Q

Wide, fixed split S2, ejection systolic murmur 2nd/3rd IC space

A

atrial septal defect

47
Q

harsh pansystolic murmur left sternal edge ?

A

ventricular septal defect

48
Q

continuous machinery murmur below left clavicle

A

persistent ductus arteriosus

49
Q

Cyanosis first day of life, egg-shaped ventricles

A
  • Transposition of the great vessels
50
Q

when do fallots present?

51
Q

which murmur would you get a large systolic JVP?

A

triscupid regurg

52
Q

raised fixed JVP?

A

superior vena cava obstruction

53
Q

JVP rising on inspiration ?

A

cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

54
Q

large V waves?

A

triscupid regurg

55
Q

cannon a waves?

A

complete heart block

56
Q

drug that causes blurred yellow vision headache?

A

digoxin toxicity

57
Q

s2 splitting during inspiration ?

58
Q

when is S3 heard?

A

LVF, constrictive pericarditis

59
Q

s4 heard in ?

A

HOCM 1,2,3,4

60
Q

why is aspirin not given to children ?

A

due to risk of reyes syndrome

61
Q

tall tented t waves?

A

hyperkalaemia

62
Q

S1, Q3, T3 pattern ?

A

pulmonary embolism

General Medicine (15 decks)

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