Coordination and Control Measures Flashcards
What is the primary goal for airspace control?
To enhance effectiveness of joint and multinational air operations
What are the methods of airspace control?
Positive and Procedural
What is positive control?
Requires sensors to locate and identify airspace users in real time and communications to maintain continuous contact
-Radars
-IFF
-DDL
What is procedural control?
Relies upon previously agreed to airspace control procedures and measures
-ACMs
-PSCMs
-MCMs
What is a maneuver control measure?
Established by the supported and supporting commander on the surface to define lines of responsibility in support of movement and maneuver friendly forces
What are examples of maneuver control measures?
Boundary
Phase Line
Foward line of troops
Axis of advance
Objective
Engagement area
Battle position
Attack by fire
What is a boundary?
Line delineating surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction between adjacent units or AOs
Permissive and restrictive
What is a Phase Line?
A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations
Used to control timing and tempo
What is the FLOT?
Indicates the most forward position of friendly forces during and linear operation at a specific time
Does not include small, long range reconnaissance assets
What is an axis of advance?
General area through which the bulk of a units combat power must move
Commander also establishes bypass criteria
What is an objective?
A location used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of directions and provide for unit for effort
What is an engagement area?
An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems
What is a battle position?
A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach
Primary, alternate, supplementary, subsequent, strong
What is an attack by fire position?
The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical task of attack by fire
Used to mass the effects of direct fire systems for one or multiple locations toward enemy forces
What is airspace control measures?
Employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly force
What is coordinating altitude?
An ACM that uses altitude to separate users and transition between different airspace control element
-In MSL
What is the coordination level?
An ACM below which fixed wing aircraft normally will not fly
Separate RW and FW
-In AGL
What is an air corridor?
A restricted air route of travel established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces
What is a Restricted Operations Zone?
Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted
-MSL
-SSM, UA, ROA
What are Fire Support Coordination Measures?
Employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly for
What types of FSCMs are there?
Permissive and restrictive
What are permissive FSCM?
CFL
FSCL
Battlefield coordination line
Free fire area
Killbox
What are restrictive FSCMs?
Restrictive fire line
NFA
RFA
ACA
What is the coordinated fire line?
A line beyond which direct and indirect fire support systems may fire without additional coordination
Still need to clear airspace
Close to FLOT as possible
What is the fire support coordination line?
Established by the land/amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an AO beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement
-FSCL applies to all joint fire based systems against surface targets
What is the battlefield coordination line?
A USMC-specific FSCM that facilitates the expeditious attack of surface targets of opportunity between the measure and the FSCL
-Allow AV MAGTF to attack surface targets witout GFC approval
What is a Free Fire Area?
A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing HQ
-Used to expedite joint fires
-Still need to clear airspace
What is a kill box?
A 3D permissive FSCM with an associated ACM used to facilitate the integration of fires
Established to support interdiction efforts, not CAS
What is a blue kill box?
Attack of surface targets to air-to-surface munitions
What is purple kill box?
Attack of surface targets with subsurface to surface, surface to surface and air to surface munitions
What is a restrictive fire line?
A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing
The purpose is to prevent friendly fire incidents and duplication of engagements by converging friendly force
What is the No Fire area?
An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited
-When establishing HQ approves joint fires
-Enemy engages friendlies in that NFA
What is an airspace coordination area?
A 3D block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires
Primary used for CAS
Types of airspace coordination areas?
Formal
-In ACO, ATO, SPINS
Informal
-lateral, altitude, time separation
-Not on ACO
Considerations for developing ACA?
Ingress, egress, holding areas
Aircraft characteristics
Surface to air threats
Simultaneous employment of IDF/CAS
What do effective ACA do?
Allow freedom of action for air and surface fire support for the greatest number of foreseeable targe
