COORDINATION AND CONTROL

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Coordinates the information received from stimuli and coordinates the best response
Consists of brain, spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and response to change
Consists of all the nerves

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Long extension that transmits impulses away

Question 4

Myelin sheath

Answer 4

Not all axons are myelinated
Insulating substance which helps speed up messages through the neuron and electrically insulates the nerve fibres from one another

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Short extensions that poses numerous receptors that can receive messages from other cells

Question 6

Stimulus

Answer 6

A change in environment

Heat from a BBQ

Question 7

Cell body

Answer 7

Functional portion which acts as the control centre

Question 8

Axon terminal

Answer 8

very end of a branch of a nerve’s axon, a long slender nerve fiber that conducts electrical signals to a nerve synapse

Question 9

Motor neuron

Answer 9

Takes the impulse to effectors such as muscles or glands

Question 10

Interneuron or connector neuron

Answer 10

Carry the impulse through the central nervous system

Question 11

Sensory neuron

Answer 11

Carry the impulse generated by the stimulus to the central nervous system

Question 12

Somatic nervous system

Answer 12

part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. Sends sensory information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

Controls involuntary muscles, and unconscious behaviours e.g breathing, sweating and pumping blood.v

Question 14

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 14

Prepares for fight or flight. This is when your body is called into action - it uses energy - your blood pressure increases , your heart beats faster, and digestion slows down. It helps the body cope with stress. E.g If a bear chases you will run away because of the (SNS)

Question 15

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 15

Returns the body to resting, or homeostasis, once the threat or stress has finished. It does the opposite things to the body compared to the sympathetic nervous system. E.g Watching a movie and being chill

Question 16

Reflex response

Answer 16

The effector response to the message

e.g a muscle cell may contract or may secrete a chemical

Question 17

Voluntary Response

Answer 17

Voluntary responses are mainly under conscious control, but some voluntary movements

Nervous system uses brain and spinal cord

Walking from homeroom to science

Question 18

Involuntary Response

Answer 18

Movement of food throughout the digestive system
You don’t realise it’s happening
Breathing, blinking, pumping blood

Question 19

What’s a hormone

Answer 19

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. Many hormones are secreted by special glands

Question 20

How does a hormone influence the body

Answer 20

blood stream, the hormones communicate with the body by heading towards their target cell to bring about a particular change or effect to that cell. The hormone can also create changes in the cells of surrounding tissues

Question 21

How electrical impulses travel across the synaptic gap

Answer 21

Neurotransmitters bind to the membrane of the dendrite. The binding allows the nerve impulse to travel through the receiving neuron

Question 22

What is multiple Sclerosis

Answer 22

Not al axons are myelinated. Degeneration of the myelin sheath

Myelin sheaths protecting the axons of motor neurons of the cns are damaged and disrupt the messages sent along the nerves