COORDINATION AND CONTROL Flashcards
Central nervous system
Coordinates the information received from stimuli and coordinates the best response
Consists of brain, spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and response to change
Consists of all the nerves
Axon
Long extension that transmits impulses away
Myelin sheath
Not all axons are myelinated
Insulating substance which helps speed up messages through the neuron and electrically insulates the nerve fibres from one another
Dendrites
Short extensions that poses numerous receptors that can receive messages from other cells
Stimulus
A change in environment
Heat from a BBQ
Cell body
Functional portion which acts as the control centre
Axon terminal
very end of a branch of a nerve’s axon, a long slender nerve fiber that conducts electrical signals to a nerve synapse
Motor neuron
Takes the impulse to effectors such as muscles or glands
Interneuron or connector neuron
Carry the impulse through the central nervous system
Sensory neuron
Carry the impulse generated by the stimulus to the central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. Sends sensory information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary muscles, and unconscious behaviours e.g breathing, sweating and pumping blood.v
Sympathetic Nervous System
Prepares for fight or flight. This is when your body is called into action - it uses energy - your blood pressure increases , your heart beats faster, and digestion slows down. It helps the body cope with stress. E.g If a bear chases you will run away because of the (SNS)
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Returns the body to resting, or homeostasis, once the threat or stress has finished. It does the opposite things to the body compared to the sympathetic nervous system. E.g Watching a movie and being chill
Reflex response
The effector response to the message
e.g a muscle cell may contract or may secrete a chemical
Voluntary Response
Voluntary responses are mainly under conscious control, but some voluntary movements
Nervous system uses brain and spinal cord
Walking from homeroom to science
Involuntary Response
Movement of food throughout the digestive system
You don’t realise it’s happening
Breathing, blinking, pumping blood
What’s a hormone
A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. Many hormones are secreted by special glands
How does a hormone influence the body
blood stream, the hormones communicate with the body by heading towards their target cell to bring about a particular change or effect to that cell. The hormone can also create changes in the cells of surrounding tissues
How electrical impulses travel across the synaptic gap
Neurotransmitters bind to the membrane of the dendrite. The binding allows the nerve impulse to travel through the receiving neuron
What is multiple Sclerosis
Not al axons are myelinated. Degeneration of the myelin sheath
Myelin sheaths protecting the axons of motor neurons of the cns are damaged and disrupt the messages sent along the nerves
