Coordination and control

Question 1

stimulus

Answer 1

is a change in the external and internal environment

Question 2

response

Answer 2

is a change in an organisms or part of one which is brought about by a stimulus

Question 3

receptor cells

Answer 3

part of a organism that detects stimulus

Question 4

effector cell

Answer 4

part that responds to the stimulus

Question 5

nervous system

Answer 5

messages are carried as electrical impulses at rapid rates to precise areas of the body and they have an immediate but short lasting effect. This is made up of the CNS and PNS

Question 6

parts of the brain

Answer 6

cerebrum- controls conscious thoughts and is responsible for memory
cerebellum - coordinates movement
medulla- coordinates involuntary actions
hypothalamus- assist in the release of hormones such as ADH and FSH
pituitary gland - secrets hormones

Question 7

neurones

Answer 7

specialised cells that conduct nerve impulses throughout the nervous system
receptor cell - sensory neurone - relay neurone - motor neurone - effector cells

Question 8

synapse

Answer 8

the space between 2 neurones , where the impulses leave 1 neurone and turn into a chemical known as neurotransmitters and enters into the 2nd neurone . this is to ensure that the impulses travel in 1 direction

Question 9

voluntary actions

Answer 9

something done - by your decision
relay - motor - skeletal muscle eg. talking
these are complex and can be learnt

Question 10

involuntary actions

Answer 10

not learned and simple
eg , blinking
autonomic nervous system - motor nerves eg. breathing rate
reflex actions- external stimulus , requires a reflex arc
reflex- cranial reflex and spinal reflex

Question 11

sense organs

Answer 11

eyes - photoreceptor
ears - mechanoreceptor
nose - olfactory cells
tongue -chemoreceptors
skin- receptor cells

Question 12

image formation

Answer 12

the cornea and lens refracts the light rays unto the retina. An image of the object is formed which stimulates the light sensitive cells and reverse and inverts the image. The optic nerve carries impulses to the brain and the brain flips the image the correct way and forms and impression of size , colour and distance of object

Question 13

rods

Answer 13

low light intensity and detects black and white

Question 14

cones

Answer 14

high light intensity and detects colours green, red and blue

Question 15

shortsighted

Answer 15

causes - the eye ball is too long and light rays fall at the front of the eye
corrected - with diverging lens

Question 16

longsighted

Answer 16

causes- the eye ball is to short and light rays fall at the back of the eye
corrected- with converging lens

Question 17

old sight

Answer 17

difficult to see near objects , caused when lens elasticity reduces and ciliary muscles weaken
corrected by converging lens

Question 18

astigmatism

Answer 18

when the lens and cornea is unevenly curved , both near and distant objects are blurry
corrected by wearing unevenly curved lens that counteract the uneven curvature

Question 19

glaucoma

Answer 19

when fluid in the eye pressure increase due to the flow of the aqueous humour being blocked . can lead to blindness
treated with drops or surgery

Question 20

cataracts

Answer 20

cloudy area forms in lens and is corrected by surgery and replace with artificial lens

Question 21

endocrine system

Answer 21

carries hormones in blood very slowly and are carried to a generalised area and has a long lasting effect

Question 22

gland , their location and functions

Answer 22

pituitary gland - in the brain attached to the hypothalamus and secrets ADH , GH , FSH AND LH
thyroid gland - front of the neck, secretes thyroxine which controls metabolism
adrenal gland- above kidney , secrets adrenaline the flight, fight or fright hormone
pancreas - in the duodenum secrets insulin
ovaries - end of fallopian tubes in women secretes oestrogen and progesterone
testes- in the scrotum sac, secretes testosterone