Conversion of Muscle to Meat

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

maintenance of physiologically balanced internal environment in response to changes in external conditions

Question 2

After slaughter, body shifts energy metabolism to __________ pathway for muscle to maintain ___________

Answer 2

anaerobic pathway to maintain homeotasis

Question 3

Immobilization

Answer 3

stunning method used pre-slaughter to ensure animal is unconscious and insensible to pain before being bled out at slaughter

disrupts nervous system communication

Question 4

Exsanguination

Answer 4

method of bleeding out an animal which causes circulatory system failure to muscles

Question 5

Body temperature ________ after exsanguination

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

rate of pH decline postmortem depends on __________ and __________

Answer 6

amount of glycogen and postmortem temperature

Question 7

Why do muscles stiffen during rigor mortis?

Answer 7

crossbridges at actomyosin become permanent since there is no energy to break the bond

Question 8

Phases of Rigor Mortis

Answer 8

1. Delay
2. Onset
3. Completion
4. Resolution

Question 9

What happens to elasticity during each rigor mortis phase?

Answer 9

1. muscle is relatively extensible and elastic
2. muscle begins to lose extensibility
3. muscles inextensible
4. softening of rigor (not breaking bridges)

Question 10

What happens to energy sources as rigor mortis develops?

Answer 10

1. relies on creatine phosphate and glycolysis
2. creatine phosphate depleted, glycogen begins to deplete
3. glycogen low
4. glycogen low

Question 11

What happens to pH as rigor mortis develops?

Answer 11

1. ph stable
2. ph declines
3. pH drop almost completed
4. ph declines

Question 12

What happens to ATP as rigor mortis develops?

Answer 12

1. high ATP
2. ATP declines
3. ATP very low
4. ATP very low

Question 13

What happens to lactic acid as rigor mortis develops?

Answer 13

1. lactic acid low
2. lactic acid increases
3. lactic acid stable
4. lactic acid declines