Conventions of Speech Flashcards
paralinguistic features
non-lexical elements of communication in speech
prosody
how tone is used in a language to convey meaning
what are some prosodic features
volume, pitch, stress, rhythm, duration, intonation
conversational implicature
an indirect or implicit speech act: what was meant by a speaker’s utterance that is not part of what was explicitly said
conventions of speech
spontaneous
transient
interactive
shared context
informal
lacks prestige
paralinguistic features
meanings often inexplicit
conventions of writing
planned
permanent
one way
no shared context
formal
secondary
perceived as prestigious
no paralinguistic features
meanings more explicit
mixed-mode
elements of speech and writing eg. a planned/ pre-written speech
what is the purpose of non-fluency features
avoids long pauses or silence and gives speaker time to think eg. er, um
false starts
utterances that are cut short before completion, most commonly occur when a person has misspoken, in which case they will stop and correct themselves
repaired utterances
speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of self-correction.
backchannelling
one participant is speaking and another participant interjects responses to the speaker. Can be verbal or non-verbal
discourse markers
Indicate to switch from one topic to another, help to organise information and show relationships between ideas
hedging
to say something without complete confidence
deictic terms
pointing words
intonation
how the voice rises and falls
