Convalent bonding Flashcards
What is a convalent bond?
A convalent bond is when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms.
What is a single bond?
Each atom shares one pair of electrons.
What is a double bond?
Each atom shares two pairs of electrons.
What is a Giant convalent?
Many billions of atoms all with strong convalent bonds with eachother. Example, Diamond.
What are small Molecules?
Each molecule only contains a few atoms with strong convalent bonds, weak intermolecular forces.
What are large molecules?
Many repeating units joined by molecular bonds in a chain.
What is the structure of Graphite?
- Made of Carbon
- Only 3 bonds per atom
- Hexagonal rings in layers
- Each carbon molecule has one spare electron which is delocalised
What is the hardness of graphite?
The layers can slide over eachother because they are not convalently bonded.
What is the conductivity of Graphite?
The delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the graphite so it can carry charges and allow electrical current to flow.
What are fullerenes?
- Hollow cages of carbon atoms bonded together in one molecule
- Sphere or Tube
- Conduct electricity
What is the buckminsterfullerene?
The first fullerene to be discovered, and has 60 carbon atoms. Can be used like lubricants and in drug delivery.
What are nanotubes?
The carbon atoms in nanotubes are arranged in cylindrical tubes. High tensile strength makes them useful in electronics.
