CONTROLS Flashcards
ADHESION
The grip of the tyre with the road. The best adhesion occurs on a rough and dry road surface. In rain and/or ice, adhesion is reduced.
VEHICLE DRIVERS SEAT AND ADJUSTMENTS
Car Seat - legs slightly bent
Steering Wheel - ten to two
Seat adjustment too close causes Fatigue and restrains mobility
Seat adjustment too far delays reaction
VEHICLE CONTROLS
FEET OPERATED:
Left Foot = Clutch
Right Foot = Service Brake
Right Foot = Accelerator
HAND OPERATED
Steering Wheel
Parking Brake (hand)
Gearshift
MOTORCYCLE
Left Foot = Gearbox
Left Hand = Clutch
Right Hand = Front Brake / Accelerator
Right Foot = Rear Break
VEHICLE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Active Safety = Crash avoidance (wheels, brakes, lights, steering)
Passive Safety = Damage Reduction (seatbelt, helmet, headrest, airbag, chassis)
PASSIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Seatbelt
Compulsory on all roads and in all seats
Shoulder/Chest strap - over the collarbone* and across the chest
(BETWEEN the neck and shoulder)
Lap strap** - over the pelvis and hip bones (BELOW the abdomen)
*clavicle
**Pelvic abdominal strap
PASSIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Seatbelt EXCEPTIONS
Exempt from wearing a seatbelt on ALL ROADS:
*medical certificate
*Rerversing
*Parking
Exempt from wearing a seatbelt on URBAN ROADS:
*delivery service in short distances for goods (van)
*taxi driver
*Priority/Emergency vehicles for driver and passenger
*driving instructor during lessons or exam
PASSIVE SAFTEY COMPONENTS
Helmut - Bicycles
- Mandatory on Interurban roads
- Mandatory for children under 16 on Urban roads
- Exempt -
*medical certificate
*hot weather
*travelling UPHILL - Light colours are SAFER
PASSIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Helmets - Mopeds/Motorbikes
- Mandatory on URBAN and INTERURBAN roads
- Exempt:
*Medical Certificate
*Motorcycles with Seatbelts
PASSIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Airbag
Types:
1. Frontal airbags (driver & passenger)
2. Roof/Curtain airbags
3. Side airbags
Allow a distance of 25cm between you and the airbag
MIRRORS - Cars & Micro Cars
(Preventative Safety Component)
- Review inside mirror ( Interior Mirror)
- Left and Right side mirrors outside (wing mirrors)
RIGHT SIDE MIRROR is NOT compulsory unless your visibility is hindered in the Rear View Mirror
LEFT SIDE MIRROR is ALWAYS compulsory even if you can see in your rear view mirror
MIRRORS - Motorbikes
(Preventative Safety Component)
*Must have at least one mirror on the LEFT side handlebar if speed does not exceed 100km/h
*If speed is more than 100km/h must have both mirrors, one on left and one on right
*Mopeds myst have one side mirror on the left handlebar
ACTIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Brakes
Types of Brake:
1. Foot brake/Service Brake - to slow and stop on all 4 wheels
2. Parking / Hand Brake - to immobilise the rear wheels
When parking uphill = Hand Brake + 1st Gear
When packeting downhill - Hand Brake + Reverse
GEARS
1st and 2nd = LOW & POWER
2nd & 3rd = ICE & SNOW (the highest possible gear)
4th & 5th = HIGH & SPEED
ACTIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Tyres
Pressure -
1. Check inflation pressure once or twice a month when the tyres are COLD
2. Amount of pressure is recommended by the manufacturer
3. Spare tyres should have higher amount - highest recommended by the manufacturer
Tread -
1. Tread groove depth must be at least 1.6mm otherwise prohibited to drive - Mandatory for cars but only recommended for motorbikes
Change -
1. Advisable to change your tyres every 5 years (from date of manufacture) - make sure the *SPEEDCODE of the new tyres is the same or HIGHER than recommended by the manufacturer
2. Recommended when the tread depth is less than 2mm, MANDATORY when depth is 1.6mm
*SPEEDCODE - is the Max safety speed for the tyres -
ACTIVE SAFETY COMPONENTS
Types of Tyres
TUBELESS - reduce risk of blowout / puncture (these are better)
(Airtight coating the replaces the inner tube)
WITH TUBE - rarely used
UNDER INFLATED - tyre becomes worn on the SIDE walls
OVER INFLATED - tyre becomes worn in the centre. Tread and grip (adherence) is reduced
