control of the cell cycle

Question 1

what is the progression of the cell cycle controlled by?

Answer 1

checkpoints

Question 2

what are checkpoints?

Answer 2

assess conditions of the cell

halt progression to next phase until certain requirements are met

Question 3

What are cyclin proteins involved in?

Answer 3

regulating the cell cycle

Question 4

At the GL checkpoint what to Rb act as?

Answer 4

tumor suppressor

inhibit transcription of genes that code for proteins needed for DNA replication

Question 5

how do you inhibit Rb?

Answer 5

phosphorylation

Question 6

why do you need to have sufficient threshold of phosphorylation?

Answer 6

to be able to move onto the next stage

Question 7

what is assessed at G2 checkpoint?

Answer 7

the success of DNA replication and any damage to DNA

Question 8

What happens if the DNA is damaged?

Answer 8

triggers proteins (p53) stimulate DNA repair, arrest cell cycle or cell death

Question 9

what happens at metaphase checkpoint?

Answer 9

controls progression from metaphase to anaphase

Question 10

what can an uncontrolled reduction in the rate of the cell cycle result in?

Answer 10

degenerative disease

Question 11

what can an uncontrolled increase in the rate of the cell cycle result in?

Answer 11

tumour formation

Question 12

what can the gene proto-oncogene mutate to form?

Answer 12

tumour promoting oncogene

Question 13

at what phase of the cycle is Rb phosphorylated

Answer 13

G1