control of infection in hospital

Question 1

routes of transmission of disease

Answer 1

airborne
droplet (same as airborne but bigger particles)
direct contact
indirect contact 
percutaneous

Question 2

define HCAI

Answer 2

healthcare associated infection

Question 3

define ANTT

Answer 3

aseptic non touch technique

Question 4

2011 levels of HCAI

a. nationally
b. in UH bristol

Answer 4

a. nationally: 6.4%

b. in UH bristol: 8.5%

Question 5

2015 limits on HCAI of

a. MRSA
b. MSSA
c. c difficile
d. e coli

Answer 5

a. MRSA: 0
b. MSSA: 25
c. c difficile: 45
d. e coli: none set

Question 6

6 infection alerts on medway

Answer 6

MRSA
c difficile
ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases)
GRE (glycopeptide-resistant enterococci)
tuberculosis
multi-resistant organisms

Question 7

when to use

a. soap and water 3

Answer 7

• around pts with diarrhoea
• before/ after care episodes
• after removing gloves

Question 8

when NOT to use alcohol gel and why

Answer 8

pts with diarrhoea (c diff/ norovirus) bc does not kill spores and non-envelope viruses

Question 9

how long does the following survive:

a. gram + (enterococcus inc VRE, staph aureus inc MRSA, strep pyo
b. gram - (actinobacter, e coli, klebsiella, psuedomonas)
c. bordetella pertussis, proteus
d. mycobacteria inc TB
e. c diff spores
f. candida albicans
g. RTIs (influenza, SARS)
h. GI tract (rotavirus, polio):
i. blood borne (HBV/ HCV)
j. herpes viruses

Answer 9

a. gram + (enterococcus inc VRE, staph aureus inc MRSA, strep pyo: months on dry surfaces
b. gram - (actinobacter, e coli, klebsiella, psuedomonas): months, often more than gram +
c. bordetella pertussis, proteus: days
d. mycobacteria inc TB: months
e. c diff spores: 1 year
f. candida albicans: 4 months
g. RTIs (influenza, SARS): minutes-days
h. GI tract (rotavirus, polio): 2 months
i. blood borne (HBV/ HCV): >1 week
j. herpes viruses: few hours-7 days

Question 10

colonisation v infection

Answer 10

colonisation: microbe which establishes and multiplies in particular environment eg body surface WITHOUT producing disease/ symptoms
infection: microbe which establishes and multiplies in particular environment eg body surface WITH SYMPTOMS

Question 11

is MRSA very pathogenic

Answer 11

no more than staph aureus, but its resistant to most common antibiotics

Question 12

is MRSA common in mouth

Answer 12

no

occasionally isolated from oral infections

Question 13

chance of acquiring disease through sharps injury if not vaccinated:

a. hep B
b. hep C
c. HIV

Answer 13

a. hep B: 1/3
b. hep C: 1/30
c. HIV: 1/300 (also post-exposure prophylaxis v effective)

Question 14

what disease is the main reason wards get closed

details about this disease

Answer 14

norovirus
highly infections. 12-48 hours incubation, lasts about 48 hours (diarrhoea and vomiting)
stay off work for 48 hours after last symptom