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Russia A-LEVEL History! Lenin to Yeltsin 1917-91 > Control - Cults Of Personality > Flashcards

Control - Cults Of Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Which leaders intentionally made a cult of personality?

A

Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev

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2
Q

What is a Cult of Personality?

A

Adoration of and individual through art and popular culture to increase ones personal power or status.

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3
Q

Which two politburo members accused Stalin of creating a cult of personality?

A
  • Trotsky: accused of betraying the dictatorship of the proletariat, in creating a personal dictatorship
  • Khrushchev: in 1956 secret speech
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4
Q

Cult of Lenin

A

Lenin never intended to have a cult.
- against Marxism
- fabricated by Stalin to legitimise his own power
- portrayed as THE ‘hero of the revolution’
- images of Lenin in Newspapers, cinemas, statues
- embalmed body, put in red square mausoeum
1924 renamed Tsaritsyn as LENINGRAD

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5
Q

WHY did Stalin create a cult around Lenin

A
  • to legitimise his own power
  • to advance his position in the power struggle
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6
Q

Features of Stalins COP

A
  • links to Lenin
  • reinforce the PERSONAL dictatorship
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7
Q

How did Stalin introduce the CULT

A
  • promoted self as Lenin’s ‘closest colleague’/‘saviour of the revolution’
  • Trotsky removed from all photos
  • 1924 phrases like ‘Stalin is the Lenin of today’
  • 1925 Tsaritsyn renamed Stalingrad
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8
Q

VOHZD

A

THE BOSS

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9
Q

Images of Stalin

A
  • airbrushed
  • 5 year plan successes: Ryan Hydro Electric Complex (1935)
  • Stalin + kids = father figure
  • military uniform during WWII, saviour of russia
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10
Q

Rewriting history:

A
  • biography by GF.Alexandrov shows him as ‘good son’/‘family man’ - in reality calls his mum ‘old whore’ + only saw her 3 times in 40 years
  • 1938 - the History of the All-Union Communist Party = the ‘Short Course’ - saving the revolution + huge prominent role within policy making after Lenin’s death promoted and fabricated
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11
Q

Titles Stalin gave himself:

A
  • brilliant genius of humanity
  • gardener of human happiness
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12
Q

Broadcasting the word of Stalin

A
  • records made of his speeches, distributes quickly
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13
Q

Films of propaganda, for cult of Stalin:

A
  • highlighted prominent role in events
  • Mikhail Gilovani plays Stalin
  • fabricated prominent role in 1950 ‘The Fall of Berlin’’ film
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14
Q

‘Saviour of socialism and mother Russia’

A

Stalin

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15
Q

Why wasn’t Stalin recongnised?

A

IRL he was short, pockmarked and getting old

In statues his height was exaggerated to Tsar Alexander III’s, airbrushed in propaganda photos and portraits.

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16
Q

What did Khrushchev think about Stalins CoP?

A

He condemned it in his Secret Speech (20th party congress -1956)!

Criticised its glorification of Stalin which contrasted the suffering he put the soviet people in.

17
Q

Why was criticising the cult used for Khrushchev?

A
  • Supported de-stalinisation policies
  • plus gave advantages for starting his OWN cult
18
Q

Why was making a Cult of personality useful for Khrushchev?

A
  • made him stand out as more important than Malenkov in the power struggle after Stalin died
  • suited leadership (more personal - meeting citizens)
19
Q

Examples of Khrushchev cult:

A
  • pictures with collective farmers (photo ops)
  • books, articles, posters
  • more publicity after appointment of son in law to Isvestiya
  • radio, cinema and TV for self-publicity (more desperate as more failures!)
20
Q

Scale of Khrushchev cult compared to Stalin

A

Smaller, less ‘obvious’

But one of the reasons for his dismissal.

21
Q

Why was cult of personality useful for Brezhnev?

A

After 1964 he wanted to emerge as FIRST AMONGST EQUALS in the power struggle after Khrushchevs dismissal (vs.Kosygin and Podgorny)

22
Q

Key feature of Brezhnevs cult

A

Gave Brezhnev power, which he never exercised to bring change.

23
Q

Examples of Brezhnev’s cult

A
  • gave himself over 100 awards (eg: Lenin prize for literature)
  • exaggerated role in WWII in memoirs
  • more practical role as health declined - appearance of leadership
24
Q

Advantages of a cult for the party:

A
  • one person is the focus of loyalty and party loyalty (especially during hard times like 5YPs)
  • cult = human face for socialism, easier to get behind (easier to understand for poorly educated)
  • filled the gap of the Tsars and Religion

Russia A-LEVEL History! Lenin to Yeltsin 1917-91 (19 decks)

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