Control + Communication Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the cerebellum?
Part of the brain that controls balance and coordinates muscle movements
What is the cerebrum?
It is largest part of the brain and it controls your conscious thoughts and activities
What is the medulla?
Part of the brain that controls activities we are not consciously aware of like breathing and our heart rate
What are the order of neurons in a reflex arc?
Sensory –> relay –> motor
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that send messages from one part of the body to another
What is the CNS?
Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord
What is a neuron?
A nerve cell
What is a stimulus?
Information from the external environment
What is a receptor?
A cell that can detect a stimulus
What is an effector?
An organ that carries out a response, usually a muscle or a gland
What is a reflex arc?
It is the pathway of three neurons that brings about a rapid, involuntary response
What is a synapse?
The gap between two adjacent neurons
What is the chemical which transmits a nerve impulse across a synapse?
Neurotransmitter
What is the gland that produces and releases a hormone directly into the bloodstream?
An endocrine gland
What is a target cell?
A cell with receptors on its surface that recognise and bind into a specific hormone
What is the storage carbohydrate in animal cells?
Glucagon
What is the organ which produces the hormones, insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
What is insulin?
A hormone which stimulates cells in the liver to remove glucose from the blood and concert it to glycogen for storage
What is diabetes?
A condition caused by the inability to control blood glucose level
In animals, what are the two types of control?
Nervous and hormonal
What is the function of the nervous system?
It is a communication system that uses electrical impulses to send messages from one part of the body to another
What are the spinal cords protected by?
The vertebrae
What is a reflex action?
It is a rapid automatic response to a stimulus
