Animal Transport Systems

Question 0

What is required to release energy from food?

Answer 0

Oxygen

Question 1

What transports substances to and from cells in humans and other animals?

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

What are glucose and amino acids an example of?

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

What does blood transport from the endocrine glands?

Answer 3

Hormones

Question 4

What is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 4

The heart and a vast network of blood vessels

Question 5

What is the system called that transports blood to all parts of the body?

Answer 5

The circulatory system

Question 6

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 6

To pump blood through the blood vessels

Question 7

What is the special type of muscle that the walls of the heart are made from?

Answer 7

Cardiac muscle

Question 8

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 8

Atria (singular - atrium)

Question 9

What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 9

Ventricles

Question 10

What do the atria do?

Answer 10

Receive blood which is returning to the heart

Question 11

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 11

They receive blood from an atrium and pump it into an artery

Question 12

What does the right hand side of the heart do?

Answer 12

It receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body and pumps it to the lung

Question 13

What does the left hand side of the heart do?

Answer 13

It receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body

Question 14

What are structures that allow blood to pass through in one direction only, preventing the backflow of blood?

Answer 14

Valves

Question 15

How many times does blood pass through the heart in each circulation?

Answer 15

Twice

Question 16

What are the two main veins called that blood arrives in from all parts of the body?

Answer 16

Vena cava

Question 17

Where does the pulmonary artery carry the blood to?

Answer 17

Lungs

Question 18

A blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart

Answer 18

Artery

Question 19

A blood vessel which carries blood towards the heart

Answer 19

Vein

Question 20

A microscopic blood vessel where exchange of substances occurs

Answer 20

Capillary

Question 21

Air sac in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Answer 21

Alveolus

Question 22

Tissue which forms rings to keep airways open

Answer 22

Cartilage

Question 23

Sticky substance lining airways which traps dust and germs

Answer 23

Mucus

Question 24

Hair-like structures, lining the airways that move mucus away from the lungs

Answer 24

Cilia

Question 25

Pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 25

Haemoglobin

Question 26

Waves of muscular contraction which push food through the alimentary canal

Answer 26

Peristalsis

Question 27

Finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine which provide a large surface area for absorption of food

Answer 27

Villi

Question 28

Central vessel in a villus, which absorbs the products of fat digestion

Answer 28

Lacteal

Question 29

What is required for carrying out respiration and releasing energy?

Answer 29

Glucose and oxygen

Question 30

What are the vessels that supply the heart with blood?

Answer 30

Coronary arteries

Question 31

What happens when the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed?

Answer 31

The heart cells will be deprived of glucose and oxygen, the cells will die as a result and this may lead to a heart attack

Question 32

Blood vessels that have thick muscular walls and narrow cavity to help withstand high pressure

Answer 32

Arteries

Question 33

Blood vessels with thin muscular walls for low pressure of blood and valves to prevent backflow

Answer 33

Veins

Question 34

Blood vessels that are only one cell thick to allow exchange of materials

Answer 34

Capillaries

Question 35

In what organ does gas exchange take place?

Answer 35

Lungs

Question 36

Why do the alveoli provide a large surface area?

Answer 36

For the absorption of a large volume of oxygen

Question 37

Why do the alveoli have a moist surface?

Answer 37

It allows oxygen to dissolve, making diffusion faster

Question 38

Why do the alveoli have an extremely thin lining?

Answer 38

It allows oxygen to pass through easily

Question 39

Why is each alveolus surrounded by a network of capillaries?

Answer 39

It absorbs and transports oxygen to the heart

Question 40

Why are capillaries highly branched?

Answer 40

It gives a large surface area for gas exchange

Question 41

Why do capillaries form dense networks amongst the cells?

Answer 41

It means that it will be close to a cell

Question 42

Why are capillaries only one cell thick?

Answer 42

It allows easy diffusion of gases

Question 43

What is the main component of blood called?

Answer 43

Plasma

Question 44

Two types of cells that are suspended in the plasma

Answer 44

Red blood cells and white blood cells

Question 45

What are some uses of proteins?

Answer 45

Enzymes, hormones and antibodies

Question 46

What is the function of the red blood cells?

Answer 46

To absorb and transport oxygen

Question 47

Why do red blood cells have a biconcave disc shape?

Answer 47

It increases their surface area, which makes them very efficient at absorbing oxygen

Question 48

What gives blood it's red colour?

Answer 48

Haemoglobin

Question 49

Why are red blood cells very small and flexible?

Answer 49

It allows them to squeeze through the narrowest of blood capillaries and deliver oxygen to nearby body cells

Question 50

Why do red blood cells not contain a nucleus?

Answer 50

It leaves the maximum space for haemoglobin

Question 51

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 51

To defend the body against infection

Question 52

How are the structures of white blood cells different from red blood cells?

Answer 52

White blood cells are larger than red blood cells and contain a nucleus but no haemoglobin

Question 53

Haemoglobin + oxygen ----> oxyhaemoglobin Oxyhaemoglobin ----> haemoglobin + oxygen

Answer 53

in the lungs | Haemoglobin + oxygen oxyhaemoglobin in the body tissues

Question 54

What are the main food groups?

Answer 54

Carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals

Question 55

What are the chemical elements and molecular units of carbohydrate molecules?

Answer 55

Chemical elements - carbon, hydrogen + oxygen Molecular units - simple sugar molecules

Question 56

What are the chemical elements and molecular units of protein molecules?

Answer 56

Chemical elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen Molecular units - amino acid molecules

Question 57

What are the chemical elements and molecular units of fat molecules?

Answer 57

Chemical elements - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Molecular units - fatty acid molecules

Question 58

What is the digestive system made up of?

Answer 58

Alimentary canal and organs such as the liver and pancreas

Question 59

How do the circular muscles act behind the ball of food and in front of it?

Answer 59

Behind the ball of food, the muscles contract and the muscles in front relax

Question 60

What are the three features of the small intestine to help absorb the molecules efficiently?

Answer 60

Large surface area, thin wall and vessels to receive the absorbed foods

Question 61

What is the fluid called that is contained in the lacteal?

Answer 61

Lymph

Question 62

What do the lymph do?

Answer 62

It is transported in lymph vessels which eventually join the blood stream

Question 63

What are the products of fat digestion?

Answer 63

Glycerol and fatty acids