Contemporary Sustainanlity Issues In Urban Areas Flashcards
What is the national waste target for England
50% of household waste to be recycled or composted by 2020
Also a target of a reduction in the amount of household waste not reused,recycled or composted of 45% by 2020
Is landfill a sustainable way of managing waste?
Least sustainable way
Alternative ways of managing waste to landfill
Reduction -prevent Waste Reuse Recycle Energy recovery Composting
Describe Reduction waste management
Reduce the amount of packaging, refuse to accept plastic bags. But products without excessive packaging
Describe Reuse waste management
Most successful way is bag for life
Reusing milo containers, soft drinks bottles,jam jars
Describe recycling waste management
Paper, glass,metal cans,plastics,Clothes can be recycled
Computers difficult - separation. Has costs. Households unwilling to organise waste into recyclable items?
Describe energy recovery waste management
Waste material can be converted into energy main method of incineration it’s a practical method of disposing of hazardous waste materials. Some modern incinerators generate electricity or power neighbourhood heating schemes
Describe composting waste management
Organic waste can be used to make compost to fertilise gardens or farmland. On a larger scale anaerobic digestion is used it’s an advanced form of composting
Describe landfill waste management
Waste is dumped on old quarries or hollows which is convenient and cheap. It’s unsightly and a serious threat to groundwater and river quality as toxic chemicals can leach out and contaminate water. Decaying matter can also produce methane gas. Space is running out for landfill so it’s an expensive option
Why is urban transport increasing and what are the other contributory factors?
Car ownership is increasing. In uk more than 30% led households have more than 2 cars. Due to
- large and growing urban working population
- economic growth
- growth in urban incomes
- growth in number of journeys
Strategies to manage urban transport issues
1) road schemes and restricted access
2) road traffic management schemes
3) streamlining of public transport
4) new mass transit systems
Describe road schemes and restricted access
New radial routes around the city eg in London. M25 built and widened in places as number of cars increased.
- London congestion charge.
- Bus lanes with priority at junctions encourages public transport and decreasing car traffic.
Describe road traffic management schemes
- Strict on street parking controls and expensive multi storey parking
- Restrictions on vehicular access
- One way systems and traffic calming measures
- Encouraging the use of public transport eg park and ride schemes - York
Case study for waste disposal
Nairobi, Kenya and harrogate
Nairobi Kenya waste case study
Collect and make use of others rubbish. Waste tips scavenged for recoverable/recyclable materials.
- cars tyres cut up - sandles
- Washing machine doors - kitchen bowls, storage
- Glass bottles collected and returned for refilling
- Food waste collected fed to animals
- Tin cans/oil drums -charcoal stoves, lamps, buckets
Waste case study harrogate
Fortnightly collection of cans/glass and newspapers/magazines
Reduced price composter for tax payers
Recycling point at large supermarkets and municipal tip
Case study for waste and other environmental issues (brown agenda)
Kolkata India or Cairo Egypt
Issues in kalkata
Low lying land so many squatter settlements flood easily destroying homes and bringing disease in polluted floodwater