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geography > Consuming Energy Resources > Flashcards

Consuming Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is peak oil?

A

The point at which oil supplies start to run out

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2
Q

What are physical and biological resources?

A 
P= natural minerals found below the earth’s surface like rock and soil 
B= resources with a biological origin e.g trees and vegetables
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3
Q

What are energy and mineral resources?

A 
E = resources used specifically for heat and often drive generators like coal and oil 
M= materials quarried or mined from the ground in raw form which are then heated and purified
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4
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Those which can be regenerated after to produce more
-these are also known as flow resources as the planet has an endless supply of them
E.g. solar

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5
Q

What are non-renewable resources?

A

A finite resource which cannot continually be used one used up
-these are known as stock resources
E.g. coal

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6
Q

What are recyclable resources?

A

Can be reused so will last into the future

  • the waste products can often be used to generate more energy
  • e.g. biofuels and nuclear
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7
Q

Where are the largest and smallest energy produces located?

A

Biggest producers are located in the northern hemisphere and the Middle East
The smallest producers are located in Africa

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8
Q

Why does geology and relief effect access?

A
  • geology effects the access to reserves (e.g. Saudi Arabia has 48% of the world’s oil) whilst countries on plate boundaries have access to geothermal energy
  • relief as regions with high rainfall and suitable steep relief often have HEP dams
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9
Q

How does climate and accessibility effect access?

A
  • climate can harness renewable resources like solar and wind
  • exposed areas are best for wind and intense radiation is good for solar farms
  • some resources are in remote areas making them expensive to exploit and transport e.g. Arctic
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10
Q

How does development effect access to resources?

A
  • development influences a countries ability to invest in and use technology to utilise natural reserves and resources and local climate(e.g. Africa has lots of oil reserves but these are exploited by developed countries as well as hot temperatures for solar)
  • previous colonialism means they loose this ability
  • les developed countries also use less energy
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11
Q

What are the local environmental costs at enhancing energy?

A
  • tend to be a greater amount of them as nearly all energy extractions leave local impacts
  • landscape scarring or deforestation, wind farms can block bird migration routes
  • aesthetic damage
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12
Q

What are global environmental impacts of generating electricity?

A

Tend to be more severe as are much more widespread

  • e,g, increasing the global carbon footprint due to more carbon emissions contributing to global warming and acid rain
  • oil spills effect ecosystems on a widespread scale
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13
Q

What are trends in oil production and consumption?

A

Saudi Arabia and the USA are the largest producers of oil as the USA is economically developed and Saudi has access to the largest oil reserves
-Asia are consuming more than its producing, Middle East are producing more than they are consuming

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14
Q

What is oil consumption rising?

A
  • as population increases more perplexing use energy
  • as countries get richer people buy more things that rely on energy as they economic sectors change as well
  • as teach igloos develops people want to buy new things and exploit resources they couldn’t previously
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15
Q

What do oil prices change?

A

Due to supply and demand

  • countries would increase their supply due to a shortage of oil and as peak oil looms
  • this effects their prices as if in high supply prices fall and vice versa
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16
Q

Why might remote area she exploited?

A

Because local areas have run out so in order to meet energy demand

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17
Q

What are the economic and environmental benefits from developing oil from the arctic?

A
  • makes use of rurally isolated land
  • new employment opportunities for up to 800 workers with offices and living quarters on site
  • can meet demand to boost economies and help others develop
18
Q

What are the environmental and economic costs of developing oil and gas from arctic?

A
  • Arctic has been tarnished by accidents and leaks which are long lasting as growth is slow due to cold conditions
  • can damage ecosystems
  • cost of constructing facilities are expensive and expensive to transport and remote
19
Q

What is fracking?

A

Fracking uses high pressure water to shatter shale rocks and release natural gas which is then piped to the surface

20
Q

What are the positives of fracking?

A
  • doubles amount of energy available for the world
  • provides jobs as is a huge industry
  • countries that do this reduce there reliance on foreign sources and therefor perhaps exploitation
  • shale gas is less polluting than other energy like oil
21
Q

What are the negatives of fracking?

A
  • leaks methane and other chemicals which damages the environment
  • large amounts are required and wasted
  • these chemicals can leak into local water positing people
  • it can cause minor earthquakes
22
Q

What is an eco footprint?

A

Measured the area of land needed to provide all the resources and services consumed and needed to absorb all waste products

23
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

Looks specifically at greenhouse gas emission to support a lifestyle
-they can be direct (using energy yourself) or indirect (those that come from producing a product you use)

24
Q

What is energy efficiency and conservation ?

A

Providing the same service but using less energy (energy Savin lightbulbs)
-not using as much energy (turning lights off)

25
Q

How can you reduce domestic energy wastage?

A

Double glazing and floor/wall insulation to keep a house warmer so less energy is needed to heat it

  • switching of appliances and using energy saving light bulbs (8% of energy used in houses goes on powering devices on standby)
  • water buts to collect rain water and drought resistant gardens
26
Q

How has the U.K. reduced transport emissions and increased energy efficiency?

A

Providing good public transport as Trains and buses are more efficient than individual cars (one engine carrying many VS lots of engines carrying individuals), fuelled by the congestion charge and boris bike schemes/cycle high ways

  • improving energy efficiency e.g, through hybrid buses which are cleaner and use less fuel
  • improving energy conservation as aeroplanes are designed with a focus to reduce drag and energy loss during flights
27
Q

Why is the U.K. improving transport efficiency?

A

-over three quarters of the UK’s oil is used for transport and also contributes to 22% of carbon emission

28
Q

What is energy security?

A

Ensuring the availability of energy for the future is guaranteed at affordable prices

29
Q

How can a country guarantee energy security through international relations?

A
  • maintain good international relations with trading partners (e.g. U.K. has imported gas since 2004 but not its North Sea gas field is shutting leaving them reliant on foreign imports
  • amount of gas coming via European pipelines from Russia has soared by 61% in 2017
  • yet Russia has been known to cut off supply during disagreements(e,g, Ukraine in 2008) so due to rising tensions between the two it may be a bad idea to be so dependent on them, rather maintain better relations with Norway instead
30
Q

How can the U.K. guarantee energy security through producing more local and renewable energy?

A
  • reduces reliance on fossil fuels and natural gas meaning it is inevitable more secure as the resources are no longer finite
  • can develop solar and wind farms to utilise the UK’s climate and these contribute less to global warming
  • yet expensive and opposition about places and environment
31
Q

How else can the U.K. Guarantee energy security?

A
  • Being energy efficient themselves everyday

- make public transport easier through improves tea door (e.g, in lodnon)

32
Q

What are the benefits of renewable resources?

A
  • low or no carbon emissions to damage environment
  • inexhaustible so can meet demand in the future
  • locally available so can meet small scale needs but also widely available
  • can reduce costs of transport etc
33
Q

What are the costs of alternative energy resources?

A

-it is more expensive to generate the same amount of energy as a fossil fuel power station
-geography as the best places are often a long way away from cities where energy is most needed
-they require lots of land leading to conflict over how others want to use this land
-very visible and noisy in some cases (wind farms)and not aesthetically
pleasing
-impacts on local ecosystems e.g, through biofuels and hydroelectric power

34
Q

Facts about carbon footprint?

A

Measured on KG

-on average a person is averaging 4000Kg of carbon dioxide and the target to fight climate change is 2000KG

35
Q

RECITE BIOFUEL, HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND HYDROGEN FUEL PROS AND CONS

A

Chemistry and physics come on gal!!

36
Q

Why is the UK’s fossil fuel emissions on the decline?

A
  • rising affluence means people can afford more energy efficient options
  • environmental concerns as more research shows the impacts leading to climate change
  • Education means people are more informed of the effects and other informations about alternative energy choices
37
Q

What will happen as emerging countries develop?

A

Industrialisation of emerging countries means global demand will increase putting pressure on existing resources

  • rapid population growth in these countries like India and China
  • industrialisation inevitably emits more carbon dioxide due to more secondary sector factory use
  • by 2035 demand predicted to increase by 37%
38
Q

What are TNC’s and consumer views?

A
  • as a global company main aim is to maintain a profitable business and despite acknowledging sustainability they believe it isn’t just their operations that feed into the effects
  • consumers want cheap and reliable services/resources, they work there small scale changes work make a big difference
39
Q

What do government and environmentalists say?

A
  • government says sustainability is important but main aim is to ensure future energy security as this is vital for economic growth and improvements in living standards
  • time and money must be invested into renewable energy resources due to increasing concerns of there effects that people have researched e.g. climate change
40
Q

Why don’t japan and China have a very secure supply of energy?

A

As imports from the Middle East takes weeks to arrive and is threatened by pirates in the Malacca straight

  • japan offered Russia money to extend the EPSO pipeline further east allowing a fast and secure supply of oil fielding development.
  • this reduces reliance on OPEC countries in the Middle East

geography (13 decks)

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